The Book Of THoTH

S.M.O.M. The actual smallest sovereign entity in the world is the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (S.M.O.M.). It is located in the city of Rome, Italy, has an area of two tennis courts, and as of 2001 has a population of 80, 20 less people than the Vatican. It is a sovereign entity under international law, just as the Vatican is.

The Knights of Malta is a world organization with its threads weaving through business, banking, politics, the CIA, other intelligence organizations, P2, religion, education, law, military, think tanks, foundations, the United States Information Agency, the United Nations, and numerous other organizations. They are not the oldest but are one of the oldest branches of the Order of the Quest in existence. The world head of the Knights of Malta is elected for a life term, with the approval of the Pope. The Knights of Malta have their own Constitution and are sworn to work toward the establishment of a New World Order with the Pope at its head. Knights of Malta members are also powerful members of the CFR and the Trilateral Commission. (p.86)

The Knights of Malta ALL have diplomatic immunity. They can ship goods across borders without paying duty or undergoing customs check. Does that ring any bells? In any case, that is power. The Knights of Malta is held up by a backbone consisting of nobility. Nearly half of the 10,000 members belong to Europe's oldest and most powerful families. This cements the alliance between the Vatican and the "Black Nobility." The Black Nobility is mostly the rich and powerful of Europe. The head of the Black Nobility is the family that can claim direct descendancy from the last Roman emperor. Maybe now you can see that things are beginning to fall into their proper place. Membership in the Knights of Malta entails obedience to one's superior in THE ORDER and ultimately to the Pope. Therefore, a U.S. ambassador who is also a member of the Knights of Malta faces a conflict of interest. Why is this fact ignored? President Bush appointed Knight of Malta Thomas Melledy to the post of U.S. Ambassador to the Vatican. (pp.88-89)

In their investigations of the SMOM, LaRouche's associates "discovered to their surprise that the mere mention of its name inspires awe and terror in the minds of highly placed government officials, central bankers, senior military and business leaders, and senior diplomatic and intelligence executives," as recorded in a pamphlet issued by the LaRouche organization at the time, "The `Black International' Terrorist Assassination Plot to Kill Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr." The pamphlet further reported, "The power that the Order concentrates is primarily financial, through direct control of most of the Western world's leading investment houses" and far, far more. The pamphlet also noted, "A second source of power is an absolutely unmatched intelligence capability." Which is to say, the SMOM is a leading organizational arm of the Synarchy, bringing together the world's leading aristocrats, financiers, and particularly military and intelligence officials. Its members yearn for the ultramontane world which existed before the rise of sovereign nation-states during the Renaissance, which meant a loss of power and privilege of their families. To them, that vanished world is as if yesterday. Indeed, it has by no means entirely disappeared, but lives on, centered�like the Knights themselves�on the Venetian-descended "independent central banks" of virtually every nation in the world, as LaRouche has emphasized.

KNIGHTS OF DARKNESS

THE SOVEREIGN MILITARY ORDER OF MALTA

INTRODUCTION

The Sovereign Military and Hospitaler Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta, known also as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, or SMOM, is juridically, politically, and historically unique in the world today.

Representing initially the most powerful and reactionary segments of the European aristocracy, for nearly a thousand years beginning with the early crusades of the Twelfth Century, it has organized, funded, and led military operations against states and ideas deemed threatening to its power. It is probably safe to say that the several thousand Knights of SMOM, principally in Europe, North, Central, and South America, comprise the largest most consistently powerful and reactionary membership of any organization in the world today.

Although an exclusively [Roman] Catholic organization, in this century it has collaborated with, and given high awards to non-Catholic extremists in its current crusade against progressive forces in the West, the national liberation movements, and the socialist countries.

To be a Knight, one must not only be from wealthy, aristocratic lineage, one must also have a psychological worldview which is attracted to the "crusader mentality'' of these "warrior monks." Participating in SMOM Ñ including its initiation ceremonies and feudal ritual dress Ñ members embrace a certain caste/class mentality; they are sociologically and psychologically predisposed to function as the ''shock troops" of Catholic reaction. And this is precisely the historical role the Knights have played in the wars against Islam, against the Protestant "heresy,'' and against the Soviet ''Evil Empire."

[...]

SMOM's Sovereign Diplomacy

As its name suggests, SMOM is both a ''sovereign'' and, historically, a "military" organization. Its headquarters, occupying a square block in Rome at 68 Via Condotti, enjoys the extra-territorial legal status granted to an embassy of a sovereign state. The Italian police are not welcome on its territory, it issues its own stamps, and has formal diplomatic relations and exchanges ambassadors with a number of countries.

On November 13, 1951 Italian President Alcide de Gasperi recognized the diplomatic sovereignty of SMOM, although he held off formal exchange of diplomatic envoys.2 On January 11, 1983 the New York Daily News announced that,

"The Vatican and the order of the Knights of Malta, believed to be the smallest sovereign state in the world, have agreed to establish full diplomatic relations, a joint statement said today. "

President Reagan's Ambassador to the Vatican, William Wilson, is, coincidentally, a Knight of Malta.3

On September 5, 1984 French Foreign Minister Claude Cheysson signed a formal protocol with SMOM for various cooperative projects includlng "aid to victims of conflicts."4 (See below on Americares.)

The Knights of St. John were founded in the late 11th Century, and rose to prominence in the First Crusade of 1095. In 1120, Pope Urban II officially recognized them as a military religious order, and for centuries they remained one of the most powerful military forces in Christendom, first from their headquarters on the island of Rhodes, and then on Malta, from which they were finally driven by Napoleon in the late 18th Century. The Knights were recognized as a sovereign state by a Hapsburg Emperor in the 16th Century. They remain a sovereign state, run from their headquarters at 68 Via Condotti in Rome. They maintain their own fleet of aircraft, have diplomatic relations with 92 nations as well as the United Nations and the Holy See, and enjoy diplomatic immunity. The order is entirely Roman Catholic, and its higher ranks must document an aristocratic lineage and coat-of-arms of at least three centuries. The Grand Master of the order is both a secular prince, and a cardinal of the Church. Reflecting its history, its membership is still heavily comprised of individuals with a military or intelligence background. Pope Pius XII ordered an investigation of this nominally Catholic organization in the 1950s. The Papal Commission charged, among other things, that the Order should not have the sovereignty of a state, and ordered modifications of the SMOM "to bring them into conformity with decisions of the Holy See." However, Pius XII died before the Order could be fully reined in.

In addition to the Roman Catholic SMOM, there are four Protestant orders of the Knights, all founded within the last 150 years or so, and all run by ruling houses of Europe. The Roman Catholic and Protestant orders effectively merged on Nov. 26, 1963, four days after the assassination of John F. Kennedy. The Sovereign Head of the British Knights is Queen Elizabeth, while the Netherlands Knights were headed until his death by the former SS official, Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands, consort of Queen Juliana.

From: An Encyclopedia of Freemasonry and Its Kindred Sciences," etc. by Albert G. Mackey, M.D., Thirty-Third Degree, Volume I, published by the Masonic History Company, Chicago, New York, & London, 1925, Volume One, pp. 392-95:

"This Order, which at various times in the progress of its history received the names of Knights Hospitalers, Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, Knights of Rhodes, and lastly, Knights of Malta, was one of the most important of the religious and military orders of knighthood which sprang into existence during the Crusades which were instituted for the recovery of the Holy Land. It owes its origin to the Hospitalers of Jerusalem, that wholly religious and charitable Order which was established at Jerusalem, in 1048, by pious merchants of Amalfi for the succor of poor and distressed Latin pilgrims....
[big section on its history over nine centuries]

"The Organization of the Order in its days of prosperity was very complicated, partaking of both a monarchial and a republican character. Over all presided a Grand Master, who, although invested with extensive powers, was still controlled by the legislative action of the General Chapter....

"...There are now two bodies-one Catholic and the other Protestant, but each repudiates the other....
"The degree of Knight of Malta is conferred in the United States as "an appendant Order" in a Commandery of Knights Templar. There is a ritual attached to the degree, but very few are in possession of it, and it is generally communicated after the candidate has been created a Knights Templar...."
[end of quote]

The Knights of Malta are the militia of the Pope, and are sworn to total obedience by a blood oath which is taken extremely seriously and to the death. The Pope as the head of the Vatican is also the head of a foreign national power.

As a member of the Knights of Malta, and by virtue of your blood oath of obedience to the Pope, you are required to support to the death the desires of the head of the Order of the Knights of Malta-in this case, Pope Benedict XVI -over and above any other allegiance you may feel or pretend to feel toward any other loyalty-such as a loyalty to the Constitution for the united States of America.

Those who are presently members of the Knights of Malta must on penalty of death support those policies advocated by the Vatican. It is not hard for them to do this. They BELIEVE in these policies and principles. The polices which are espoused and proclaimed by the office of the Pope are as follows:
1. End of sovereignty for the United States and other countries.
2. End of absolute property rights.
3. End of all gun rights.
4. The new international economic Order (world government).
5. The redistribution of wealth and jobs.
6. Calls for nations to trust the United Nations.
7. Total disarmament.
8. Promote the United Nations as the hope for peace.
9. Promote UNESCO, the deadly educational and cultural arm of the United Nations.
10. Promote interdependence.
11. Support sanctions honoring Father Pierre Teilhard de Chardin-the New Age Humanist Priest.
12. Support the belief that the economic principle of traditional Christian or Catholic social doctrine is the economic principle of communism.
13. Promote the Pope as the acting go-between for the United States and the Soviet Union.

It doesn't really matter what kind of religious or political affiliation a member professes, when they take an oath as a Knight they are obligated by that blood oath of obedience to follow the political lead of the Vatican and will do so to their dying breath-as all good Knights of Malta do. Their first loyalty is to the Vatican, anything else is secondary.
Each and every member is under complete and total obedience to the Vatican's political ambitions.

The "Knights of Malta" are the militia of the Pope. In the book "Behold a Pale Horse" you will find research into this. It is one of the NWO SECRET SOCIETIES that are determined to overrun and destroy America. The Pope is not innocent of this either. The Pope wants to be the leader of the world. He meets with world leaders to promote "peace" as his means of public acceptance. It's a conspiracy of darkness.

Members include: Paul Cain, Mark Joyner, Benny Hinn, Bob Dole, William Casey, former director of the CIA, George H.W. Bush, Pat Buchanan,

The American Association of SMOM

In Europe SMOM's membership had been traditionally limited to those who could prove a requisite purity of noble blood for several generations. Nevertheless, as a concession to the rising political, economic, and military power of the United States, in 1927 SMOM agreed to incorporate an American National Association whose members were not obliged to prove their genealogical pedigree.

When the American Association of SMOM was created in 1927 the founding members included Patrick Cardinal Hayes, Edward L. Hearn, Nicholas F. Brady, Howard F. Carry, Patrick E. Crowley, James A. Farrell, James A. Fayne, Edward N. Hurley, James J. Phelan, Morgan J. O'Brien, John J. Raskob, and John D. Ryan.

By 1941 Francis Cardinal Spellman was listed as the "Grand Protector" and "Spiritual Advisor" of the Order, with John J. Raskob as Treasurer. Members included John Farrell, then President of U.S.Steel, Joseph P. Grace, and John D. Ryan. In 1934 Raskob, inspired by the French fascist Croix de Feu, and working closely with Morgan Bank's John Davis, had been a principal financier in the plot to organize a fascist coup in the U.S. The plan failed when General Smedley Butler, who had been set up to lead the project, denounced it.

The 1941 list also included Joseph J. Larkin. According to Charles Higham's Trading With the Enemy (see review in this issue),

Joseph J. Larkin . . . [vice-president of Chase Manhattan Bank in charge of European affairs] kept the Chase Bank open ....... in Nazi-occupied Paris throughout World War II. .... [He] had received the Order of the Grand Cross of the Knights of Malta from Pope Pius XI in 1928. He was an ardent supporter of General Franco and, by extension, Hitler. Morgenthau first suspected him as a fascist sympathizer in Octoher 1936. ..... With the encouragement of Schacht, Larkin took on the Franco account and the Reichsbank account, though the Reichsbank was under the personal control of Hitler. ..... 7

With headquarters in Rome, the group is recognized by some 40 countries as the world's only landless sovereign nation. In that role the Knights mint coins, print stamps and issue passports to their diplomats. American network.

The U.S. membership of about 1,OOO-70 percent men - accounts for one tenth of the worldwide total. Nearly all are prominent in business, government or professional life and include such well-known figures as Chrysler Chairman [color=#B03030]Lee Iacocca and Central Intelligence Agency Director William Casey.[/color]

At least two U.S. senators also are members: Republicans Jeremiah Denton of Alabama and Pete Domenici of New Mexico.

Other members active in conservative politics include former Secretary of State Alexander Haig, former Treasury Secretary William Simon and columnist William F. Buckley.

The president of the Knights' American branch is J. Peter Grace, chairman of the W.R. Grace Company, which provides a national focus for the organization by including seven other Knights on its board.

The main purpose of the Knights is to honor distinguished Catholics and raise money for charity, especially hospitals. But the close personal ties among members contribute to what some observers call a potent old-boy network of influential decision makers dedicated to thwarting Communism.

The annual induction ceremony for new members at St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City is the only function of the U.S. chapter open to nonmembers.

Because many Knights and recipients of the Orders honors have worked in or around the CIA, critics sometimes suggest a link between the two.

But members deny any connection, noting that the pattern of conservative members with overseas ties emerges naturally from the order's role as an international defender of the church.

The three Classes

According to the Constitutional Charter, the members of the Order are divided into three Classes. The members are to conduct their lives in an exemplary manner in conformity with the teachings and precepts of the Church and to devote themselves to the humanitarian assistance activities of the Order.

Members of the First Class are Knights of Justice, or Professed Knights, and the Professed Conventual Chaplains, who have made vows of "poverty, chastity and obedience aspiring to perfection according to the Gospel". They are religious for all purposes of Canon Law but are not obliged to live in community.

The members of the Second Class, by virtue of the Promise of Obedience, are committed to living according to Christian principles and the inspiring principles of the Order. They are subdivided into three categories:

- Knights and Dames of Honour and Devotion in Obedience
- Knights and Dames of Grace and Devotion in Obedience
- Knights and Dames of Magistral Grace in Obedience

The Third Class consists of lay members who do not profess religious vows or the Promise, but who live according to the principles of the Church and the Order. They are divided into six categories:

- Knights and Dames of Honour and Devotion
- Conventual Chaplains ad honorem
- Knights and Dames of Grace and Devotion
- Magistral Chaplains
- Knights and Dames of Magistral Grace
- Donats (male and female) of Devotion

The requisites for admission to the various classes and categories are determined by the Code.

[...] most knights insist that SMOM is simply a charitable organization. The knights raise money for various philanthropic endeavors, particularly in areas of health care and international relief efforts. They still direct some of the infirmaries and hospitals they established centuries ago, in addition to running modern clinics, research centers, leprosariums and schools for the deaf and blind. SMOM administers a first aid station in St. Peter's Square and has sent volunteer medical personnel to the Muslim and Christian sections of war-torn Beirut.

But charity typifies only the public face of SMOM. In private ceremonies, the knights have decorated Nazi spies and CIA operatives.

Certain SMOM members have been involved in a litany of questionable activities, ranging from secret deals with organized crime to bloody coups in Latin America that have destroyed democratically elected governments.

They have played a significant role in spearheading the cold war revival and the emergence of the New Right in the U.S.

When Casey, Buckley, Luce and others dress in medieval garb, these modern crusaders rekindle the mystical mission to defeat all enemies of their notions of the church.

n their investigations of the SMOM, LaRouche's associates "discovered to their surprise that the mere mention of its name inspires awe and terror in the minds of highly placed government officials, central bankers, senior military and business leaders, and senior diplomatic and intelligence executives," as recorded in a pamphlet issued by the LaRouche organization at the time, "The `Black International' Terrorist Assassination Plot to Kill Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr." The pamphlet further reported, "The power that the Order concentrates is primarily financial, through direct control of most of the Western world's leading investment houses" and far, far more. The pamphlet also noted, "A second source of power is an absolutely unmatched intelligence capability." Which is to say, the SMOM is a leading organizational arm of the Synarchy, bringing together the world's leading aristocrats, financiers, and particularly military and intelligence officials. Its members yearn for the ultramontane world which existed before the rise of sovereign nation-states during the Renaissance, which meant a loss of power and privilege of their families. To them, that vanished world is as if yesterday. Indeed, it has by no means entirely disappeared, but lives on, centered�like the Knights themselves�on the Venetian-descended "independent central banks" of virtually every nation in the world, as LaRouche has emphasized.

The Prince & Grand Master of the Order of Malta, Fra Andrew Bertie, meets with young pilgrims during the Order's annual pilgrimage to the Marian shrine of Loreto in the Italian Marches.

He is English, from London. He is "only" 59 years old, young for his post. He is of the highest nobility: in fact, he has royal blood in his veins. His mother, Lady Jean Crichton Stuart, is a descendant of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland, the "Catholic" par excellence, and he is therefore distantly related to Elizabeth II. His father James, a nobleman of ancient British aristocratic stock, with the title of the counts of Lindsay and Abington, was a broker on the London Stock Exchange who, in both world wars, served as an officer in the British Navy. The sister of his father married the brother of Sir Winston Churchill.

This noble geneology belongs to Andrew Willoughby Ninian Bertie, elected April 8 as the 78th Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Order of Malta. ["Knights of Malta" .... JP] He succeeds the Italian Brother Angelo de Mojana di Cologna, who died January 18 after 26 years of rule.

Descended from families and individuals used to governing, this "king without a kingdom" will guide 12,000 Knights scattered throughout the world, and a religious, military and hospital Order inspired by St. John the Baptist, of whom Christ said numquam surrexit maior: "Never has a greater man arisen. "

Brother Bertie was included in a brief list of "outsiders" with a chance to be elected in the period before the Grand Electors of the Order, 35 in all, closed themselves inside the splendid villa designed by Piranesi on Aventine Hill in Rome. His election, as is known, was not a unanimous one, even if, in hindsight, one cannot say he did not fit the requirements that the Holy See had indicated through the Order's Cardinal "patron," Sebastiano Baggio: a young Grand Master, to give the Order a younger character and greater stability. [...]

The insignia of the Order symbolizes the character of the Knights and Dames, and the work they perform on behalf of the Order.

* THE SHIELD with a white cross on a red background from which the insignia hangs represents the ensign of the Order.
* TWIRLED RIBBON represents fidelity.
* SMALL CROSS just above the crown – the wooden cross upon which Christ died.
* THE CROWN directly below the cross – the sovereignty of the Order.
* THE MALTESE CROSS hanging below the crown – the badge of the Order.
* THE FOUR ARMS OF THE CROSS – the virtues of temperance, prudence, justice and fortitude.
* THE WHITE IN THE ARMS OF THE CROSS – purity of deed.
* THE EIGHT POINTS OF THE CROSS – the eight Beatitudes as proclaimed by Christ in his Sermon on the Mount

The photograph is the insignia of a Knight of Magisteral Grace, a member of the third class which is the predominant class.

Knights Of Malta - Life Of Pope John Paul II - Proof Crown - Homecoming To Krakow/Arrival Of The Pope In Poland - 10 Liras - 2005

KNIGHTS MALTA
El Salvador 1982-1984 Nicaragua 1985 Honduras 1985 Philippines 1987

* Anderson,S.& J. Inside the League. 1986 (183)
* Chasey,W. Pan Am 103: The Lockerbie Cover Up. 1995 (78-9)
* Cooney,J. The American Pope. 1984 (62-3, 99)
* Covert Action Information Bulletin 1986-#25 (3, 13, 27-38)
* Covert Action Information Bulletin 1988-#29 (22)
* Covert Action Quarterly 1994-#49 (22, 24)
* Guardian (New York) 1985-03-13 (3)
* Gurwin,L. The Calvi Affair. 1984 (181)
* Honegger,B. October Surprise. 1989 (235)
* Intelligence/Parapolitics (Paris) 1988-05 (17)
* King,D. Lyndon LaRouche and the New American Fascism. 1989 (223, 225)
* Lernoux,P. People of God. 1989 (283-301)
* Levenstein,A. Escape to Freedom. 1983 (59)
* Mother Jones 1983-07 (22-4)
* National Reporter 1986-W (56-61)
* New York Times 1988-04-07 (A7)
* Parapolitics/USA 1982-03-31 (19, 31-7)
* Parapolitics/USA 1983-03-01 (31, 35, B12, 13-4, 17-8)
* Reese,M. General Reinhard Gehlen: The CIA Connection. 1990 (86)
* Resource Center. GroupWatch 1991-SMOM (1-3)
* Resource Center. The New Right Humanitarians. 1986 (55-6)
* Russell,D. The Man Who Knew Too Much. 1992 (528-9, 676)
* Sklar,H. Washington's War on Nicaragua. 1988 (239-40)
* Sojourners Magazine 1985-10 (16)
* Thomas,E. The Man to See. 1991 (389-90)
* Vankin,J. Conspiracies, Cover-ups, and Crimes. 1991 (174-6)
* Vistica,G. Fall From Glory. 1997 (149-50)
* Washington Post 1984-12-27 (A1, 25)
* Washington Post 1985-05-03 (A22)
* Washington Post 1990-03-18 (B2)

pages cited this search: 97

OPERATION GLADIO
Italy 1956-1972

* Covert Action Quarterly 1994-#49 (20-7, 62-3)
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* Dorril,S. Ramsay,R. Smear! 1992 (225-6)
* Executive Intelligence Review 1999-06-04 (27-8)
* Executive Intelligence Review 2006-05-26 (69, 71)
* George Magazine 1997-10 (78)
* Intelligence (Paris) 1995-11-20 (1)
* Intelligence (Paris) 1996-09-23 (48)
* Intelligence Newsletter (Paris) 1990-11-21 (4-5)
* Intelligence Newsletter (Paris) 1990-12-05 (1, 3)
* Intelligence Newsletter (Paris) 1990-12-19 (5)
* Intelligence Newsletter (Paris) 1991-07-03 (6)
* Lee,M. The Beast Reawakens. 1997 (206)
* Lies Of Our Times 1991-06 (21-2)
* Lobster Magazine (Britain) 2005-#49 (44-5)
* NameBase NewsLine 1994-04 (9)
* Ostrovsky,V. Other Side of Deception. 1995 (5, 289)
* Vankin,J. Conspiracies, Cover-ups, and Crimes. 1991 (189)
* Village Voice 1993-04-27 (8 )
* Washington Post 1990-11-14 (A19, 20)
* Willan,P. Puppetmasters. 1991 (146-59, 357-8)

pages cited this search: 54

PROPAGANDA DUE (P2)
Greece 1967 Italy 1971-1986

* Bellant,R. Old Nazis. 1989 (26-8)
* Christie,S. Stefano Delle Chiaie. 1984 (110-3, 162-3)
* Cornwell,R. God's Banker. 1984 (44-8, 72-3)
* Covert Action Information Bulletin 1986-#25 (34-5)
* Covert Action Quarterly 1994-#49 (24)
* DiFonzo,L. St.Peter's Banker. 1983 (65-74, 98-100)
* Executive Intelligence Review 1999-06-04 (27-8)
* Executive Intelligence Review 2006-10-06 (49)
* Friedman,A. Spider's Web. 1993 (85)
* Gurwin,L. The Calvi Affair. 1984 (xvi, 15, 50-4, 61-7, 74, 180-3, 187)
* Herman,E. Brodhead,F. Rise and Fall of Bulgarian Connection. 1986 (xvi, 4, 6, 81-5, 89, 94, 98, 101-2, 108, 113, 134, 188, 208)
* Honegger,B. October Surprise. 1989 (14, 124, 201, 210-1, 229-44)
* Intelligence (Paris) 1996-05-13 (72)
* Intelligence (Paris) 1999-01-11 (22)
* Intelligence Newsletter (Paris) 1988-11-30 (8 )
* Intelligence/Parapolitics (Paris) 1987-11 (1-6)
* Italian Parliament. Licio Gelli's List of P2 Members. 1981
* Lernoux,P. People of God. 1989 (289-90)
* Mantius,P. Shell Game. 1995 (102-3)
* Marshall,J... The Iran-Contra Connection. 1987 (24, 69-76)
* Nation 1987-04-25 (539-40)
* National Reporter 1986-W (60-1)
* Naylor,R.T. Hot Money and the Politics of Debt. 1994 (84-8, 100, 124, 135, 140)
* Ostrovsky,V. Other Side of Deception. 1995 (289)
* Parapolitics/USA 1982-03-31 (18-9, 25)
* Richelson,J. Foreign Intelligence Organizations. 1988 (118-22)
* Scheim,D. Contract on America. 1988 (321-5)
* Scott,P.D. Marshall,J. Cocaine Politics. 1991 (43)
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* Sterling,C. Thieves' World. 1994 (74, 235)
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* Thomas,K. Keith,J. The Octopus. 1996 (77, 86-7)
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* Tosches,N. Power on Earth. 1986 (3-4, 166)
* Vankin,J. Conspiracies, Cover-ups, and Crimes. 1991 (175-6, 189)
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* Yallop,D. In God's Name. 1985
* Yallop,D. Tracking the Jackal. 1993 (193-4)

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VATICAN BANK (INSTITUTE RELIGIOUS WORKS)
Italy 1942-1988

* Christie,S. Stefano Delle Chiaie. 1984 (43, 112)
* Cornwell,R. God's Banker. 1984 (50-8, 71, 208-9, 225-33, 237)
* Covert Action Information Bulletin 1986-#25 (35)
* DiFonzo,L. St.Peter's Banker. 1983 (5)
* Gurwin,L. The Calvi Affair. 1984 (11-3, 25-6, 69, 132, 134, 167-78, 208-9)
* Intelligence (Paris) 1998-07-13 (9)
* Intelligence (Paris) 1999-01-11 (22)
* Intelligence (Paris) 2000-10-23 (35)
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* Lernoux,P. People of God. 1989 (290)
* Loftus,J. Aarons,M. The Secret War Against the Jews. 1994 (62-3)
* Mantius,P. Shell Game. 1995 (101-2)
* Marshall,J... The Iran-Contra Connection. 1987 (69)
* Naylor,R.T. Hot Money and the Politics of Debt. 1994 (52, 80, 118-20, 126-7, 250-3, 265)
* Seagrave,S.& P. Gold Warriors. 2003 (105)
* Sterling,C. Octopus. 1991 (191)
* Stich,R. Defrauding America. 1994 (419, 533)
* Tosches,N. Power on Earth. 1986 (42-6, 123-7, 172, 246-7)
* Vankin,J. Whalen,J. The 60 Greatest Conspiracies. 1998 (114-5, 117)
* Walter,I. The Secret Money Market. 1990 (135-46)
* Washington Post 1989-06-21 (A16)
* Washington Times 1996-06-02 (A7)
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Major General William Joseph Donovan, KBE United States Army (January 1, 1883 – February 8, 1959) was an American soldier, lawyer and intelligence officer, best remembered today as wartime head of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). He is also widely known as the "father" of today's Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

In June 1941, Donovan received what would be his most important assignment: Roosevelt named him Coordinator of Information (COI). This made him the first overall chief of the United States Intelligence community, which at the time was fragmented into Army, Navy, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), United States Department of State, and other interests. The FBI retained its independence, and control of intelligence in South America, at the insistence of FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover.

It was Donovan who crucially organised the COI's New York headquarters in Room 3603 of Rockefeller Center in October, 1941 and asked Allen Dulles to head it; the offices Dulles took over had been the location of the operations of Britain's MI6.

In 1942, the COI became the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and Donovan was returned to active duty in his World War I rank of colonel (by war's end, he would be promoted to major general). The OSS was responsible for espionage and sabotage in Europe and in parts of Asia. The OSS was kept out of South America by Hoover's hostility to Donovan, and out of the Philippines by the antipathy of Douglas MacArthur.

For many years, the exploits of the OSS remained secret, but in the 1970s and 1980s, significant parts of the OSS history were declassified, making Donovan a household name to a new generation.

After Roosevelt's death, Donovan's political position, which depended on his personal connection to the President, was substantially weakened. He argued forcefully for the retention of the OSS in the years after the war, but President Harry S. Truman was not interested (although the subsequent formation of the CIA did generally follow a related proposal initiated by Donovan).

Allied commanders in Southeast Asia plot the war, late 1944. Standing: Major General Wedemeyer, commanding China theater; seated, left to right: Lieutenant General Daniel I. Sultan, commanding Burma-India theater; Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten, Supreme Allied commander, Southeast Asia Command; and Major General William J. ("Wild Bill") Donovan, chief of U.S. Office of Strategic Services.

The founding fathers of the CIA William "Wild Bill" Donovan and Allen Dulles were knights, as were many other CIA hierarchy including Ronald Reagan's director William Casey and JFK's director John McCone. According to "Watergate" journalist Carl Bernstein, Casey gave Pope John Paul II unprecedented access to CIA intelligence including spy satellites and agents.

In fact, one could blame the start of the Cold War upon "Wild Bill" Donovan personally. At the end of the First World War Donovan led a secret mission to Siberia to observe the Russian Revolution. Due to his reconnaissance an American unit was sent to fight the Russian Bolsheviks who were broadly considered Allies, as they were still fighting the Germans alongside the British and the French in the trenches of Europe. The American troops could not understand why they were being ordered to burn the villages and kill "these poor and hungry peasants, who've been treated so terribly by their rulers", as one "doughboy" wrote to his wife. It is historically un-American to side with the aristocratic powers of Europe against the common man. Donovan's motives for fighting the Bolsheviks could only have been due to his Vatican/Knights of Malta allegiances, as at this time the Russian Revolution was no threat to the American Republic. As a consequence in July 1944 Pope Pius XII awarded Donovan the 'Grand Cross of the Order of St. Sylvester', the oldest and most prestigious of papal knighthoods, and the highest Catholic award ever received by an American. Less than one hundred men have received this award throughout history.

The Knights of Malta's key spheres of control are Africa and Latin America, and include many dictators such as mass murderer General Pinochet in their ranks.

Membership in Latin America includes Masonic lodge "P2" fascists and many surviving Nazi players, who are directly responsible for the formation of the modern neo-Nazi movement. Knight and Nazi escapee Otto "Scarface" Skorzeny, who led a commando raid on the Cathar region of France in search of occult artifacts including the Holy Grail, played a major role in the Vatican's "Rat Run". He was a close friend of Argentinian president and knight Juan Peron, who recent CIA documents prove was also involved in the laundering of Nazi gold through the Vatican Bank. Conveniently for Nazi members who did not escape Europe, William Donovan served as chief aide to the American prosecutor at the post-war Nuremberg trials, after handing over the reigns of the OSS/CIA to fellow knight Allen Dulles.

As Roman Catholic author Penny Lernoux reveals in her "People of God": "After the war, the Vatican, the OSS, the SS, and various branches of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta joined to do battle against the common Soviet enemy - and to help Nazi war criminals escape... Baron Luigi Parrilli, an Italian aristocrat and Knight of Malta/papal chamberlain, took part in negotiations between SS leaders and the CIA's Allen Dulles."

[...]

As the Cold War intensified, former Vatican agent and knight Joseph H. Retinger, acting on behalf of the Vatican and the Priory of Sion, effectively forged ties with the European Council of Princes (the respectable name for the Dragon Sovereignty), the CIA, and Britain's MI6 to create the New World Order think-tank "The Bilderberg Group", of which Henry Kissinger is a permanent member. It's first chairman was Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands, who held that position for the next 22 years, until a financial scandal forced him to resign. His daughter, Shell Oil co-owner Queen Beatrix regularly attends meetings, as do ample other European aristocratic players. The undemocratic "Bilderberg Group" continues to play a major part in international affairs, and remains closed to public scrutiny and participation.

Documents show that New York's Cardinal Francis Spellman was directly involved in the 1954 right-wing military coup of Guatemala, which led to the murder of thousands, and of which the CIA has acknowledged complicity. He has also been linked to neo-Nazi group "P2" and the Mafia by his long involvement with "P2" member Archbishop Paul Marcinkus of Chicago, former head of the Vatican Bank, who was under serious suspicion by Italian authorities for the untimely death of Pope John Paul I. Cardinal Spellman was not only an old friend of CIA creator "Wild Bill" Donovan (who previously had a law firm in New York) but was the actual head of the Knights of Malta in America throughout the 40's, 50's and 60's, and was responsible for vast sums of money raised from its members, who have to pay thousands annually to remain in the order.

# Lateran Medal (Vatican)
# Order of St. Sylvester (Vatican)

Knight William Donovan served as chief aide to the American prosecutor at the post-war Nuremberg trials, after handing over the reigns of the OSS/CIA to fellow Knight Allen Dulles.

When Rome was liberated in 1944 Morlion and Pro Deo relocated there. In recognition of Donovan's good works on behalf of Pro Deo, Pope Plus XII knighted him with the Grand Cross of the Order of St. Sylvester. And before he flew off to Washington to cut his deal with the CIA, Reinhard Gehlen received the Sovereign Military Order of Malta award from the Pontiff. So did James Jesus Angleton, a Donovan operative in Rome who became the CIA's chief of counterintelligence.

During and after WWII, Roman Catholic William ["Wild Bill"] Donovan headed the OSS [American forerunner of the CIA]. Donovan was decorated in July 1944 by Pope Pius XII with the Grand Cross of the Order of St. Sylvester, "the Vatican's highest award, for a lifetime of public and secret service to the [Roman] Catholic Church".

Franz Joseph Hermann Michael Maria von Papen (help·info) (29 October 1879 – 2 May 1969) was a German nobleman, Catholic politician, General Staff officer, and diplomat, who served as Chancellor of Germany (Reichskanzler) in 1932.

To many historians, Papen was also a key member in the small clique of right-wing politicians who "jobbed Adolf Hitler into power by backstairs intrigue" [1]. He has been called a "stirrup holder" (Steigbügelhalter) for Hitler.

The central role that Papen played in Hitler's appointment as Chancellor in January 1933 was reflected by Papen's indictment at the Nuremberg War Crimes Trial, though he was acquitted on formal reasons, the tribunal deciding that his "political immoralities" were not under its jurisdiction.

[...]

In 1923 Papen had received the honorary title of Papal Chamberlain from Pope Pius XI.[9] After Pius XI died in 1939, his successor Pope Pius XII did not renew this appointment, probably in the light of Papen's political role for the Hitler régime. As nuncio, the future Pope John XXIII, Angelo Roncalli, was acquainted with Papen in Greece and Turkey during World War I. He restored this title on July 24, 1959. Papen was also a Knight of Malta.

The Catholic Right and the Knights of Malta, in particular Baron Franz von Papen (see sidebar), played a critical role in Hitler's assumption of power and the launching of the Third Reich's Twentieth Century Crusade.

FRANZ von PAPEN

A leading figure in Hitler's coming to power was SMOM Franz von Papen, known as "the devil in a top hat." A devout Catholic aristocrat from an old family of Westphalian nobility, a former military attache and spy against the United States in 1915, von Papen became Chancellor in May 1932, with the support of the Nazis. In June he ordered the dissolution of the Reichstag, calling for new elections in July, in which the Nazis emerged as the largest party in the new Reichstag. After a meeting with Hitler, von Papen persuaded President von Hindenberg to offer Hitler the Chancellorship, which he assumed on January 30, 1933. Von Papen became his Vice-Chancellor.

In April 1933 von Papen was elevated to Knight Magistral Grand Cross of SMOM. After the murder of Austrian Chancellor Dollfuss in Vienna in July 1934, von Papen became Hitler's Ambassador to Austria, and, in March 1938 stood by the Fuhrer's side at his triumphal entry into Vienna. From 1939 until August 1944 he was the Nazi Ambassador to Turkey, and at the Nuremberg trials he was charged with conspiracy to wage aggressive war. He was one of several Nazi leaders acquitted, and subsequently received a generous pension from the first postwar Chancellor, Konrad Adenauer.

Franz von Papen, a [Roman] Catholic aristocrat from the Westphalian nobility and Knight Magistral Grand Cross of SMOM, paved the way for Hitler's assumption of power after von Papen became chancellor with the support of the Nazis.

Fascist members of the SMOM
Grand Master Ludovico Chigi Albani della Rovere awarded the Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion to Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. He was also awared a knighthood prior to World War II.

On Dec 4, 1932 Franz von Papen was succeeded as Chancellor of Germany by Kurt von Schleicher. Determined to gain revenge on Schleicher, von Papen came to terms with Hitler (Jan. 4, 1933) and persuaded Hindenburg to appoint Hitler Chancellor. In April 1933 von Papen was elevated to Knight Magistral Grand Cross of SMOM.

Sinister Nazi and Devout Roman Catholic, Knight of Malta Franz von Papen (Front Left) heads Catholic Mass Procession.

Reinhard Gehlen(April 3, 1902 - June 8, 1979) was a Generalmajor (Major-General) in the German Army (Wehrmacht Heer) during World War II.

Gehlen held the position of chief of intelligence-gathering on the Eastern Front. He was subsequently recruited by the United States military to set up a spy ring directed against the Soviet Union.

Gehlen ran the West German intelligence apparatus until 1968, and is considered one of the most legendary Cold War spymasters. He organized the Gehlen Organisation, and later became President of the German Federal Intelligence Bureau.

Reinhard Gehlen was born into a Roman Catholic family, the son of an owner of a bookstore. He joined the Reichswehr in 1920 and entered the German Staff College in the 1930s. He was promoted to captain and was attached to the Army General Staff.

In 1940, Gehlen was promoted to Major and he became the liaison officer to Army Commander-in-Chief Field Marshal Walther von Brauchitsch. He was then transferred to the staff of Army Chief of Staff General Franz Halder.

In July 1941, Gehlen was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. Gehlen worked extensively on the Eastern Front and, because of his superior talents and expertise, was promoted to senior intelligence officer with the German General Staff on the Russian front.

[...]
Bundesnachrichtendienst

In April 1956, control of the Gehlen Organisation was turned over to the (West) German government and it became the nucleus of the newly-created Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND or Federal Intelligence Service). Gehlen held the top leadership post (President of the BND) until forced out due to a political scandal in the ranks. He retired from the BND in 1968 and died in 1979, aged 77.

[edit] Honors

He received the Deutsches Kreuz in silver during WWII and the Großes Bundesverdienstkreuz am Schulterband in 1968. He also was a Knight of Malta.

SMOM's influence in Germany survived World War II intact. On November 17, 1948 SMOM awarded one of its highest honors, the Grand Cross of Merit, to Reinhard Gehlen, the Nazi chief of intelligence on the Soviet front. He was subsequently installed by the Americans as the first chief of West Germany's equivalent of the CIA, the Bundesnachtrichtdienst (BND: federal secret service), under West German Chancellor Adenauer, a devout Catholic who had received the Magistral Grand Cross personally from SMOM Grand Master Prince Chigi.

On November 17, 1948 SMOM awarded one of its highest honors, the Grand Cross of Merit, to Reinhard Gehlen, the Nazi chief of intelligence on the Eastern Front who took part in the failed bomb plot of July 20, 1944 to assassinate Hitler, and was later recruited by the United States military to set up a spy ring directed against the Soviet Union.

The Order has particularly close links with the security services like the CIA. In 1948, it gave one of its most prestigious awards of honour to General Reinhard Gehlen, who was Adolf Hitler's head of anti-Soviet espionage. After the war, Gehlen was hired by the newly created CIA to organise its operations in Europe!

Reinhard Gehlen was one of Adolf Hitler's chief intelligence officers, solely in charge of espionage against the Soviet Union. In 1945, Gehlen offered the United States his considerable experience, expertise and archives on Russia and satellite countries in return for immunity from prosecution as a war criminal. The newly established Central Intelligence Agency formed the "Gehlen Organisation" which was Gehlen's former network for anti-Soviet espionage. Located in West Germany and funded by the CIA, the Gehlen Organisation became the most powerful espionage establishment in Western Europe.

In 1979, Gen. Patton's cousin, Congressman Lawrence McDonald, founded the Western Goals Foundation as a front for the JBS intelligence network. McDonald directed the organization until his untimely death in the downing of the Korean airliner, KAL 007 in 1983, the year he succeeded Robert Welch as JBS Chairman. Western Goals was discontinued in 1986 following a power struggle for McDonald's position. According to the Interhemispheric Resource Center GroupWatch, files of which are available on the Public Information Research database, Western Goals had worked with Reinhard Gehlen:

McDonald formed a foundation branch in West Germany in 1981. The organization, called the American-European Strategy Research Institute, was set up with a $131,982 injection from the U.S. office. That figure represented more than a third of Western Goals' operating budget at the time...

The German affiliate is Western Goals Europe E.V.(5) This German branch is also known as the American-European Strategy Institute. It acknowledges working with Reinhard Gehlen, a former Nazi who has been honored by the elite lay Catholic organization, the Knights of Malta (SMOM).(8 ) SMOM gave its highest award of honor, the Gran Croci Al Merito Conplacca, to Gehlen in l948. Gehlen, who was not a Catholic, was awarded the honor because of his efforts in the "crusade against godless Communism." Gehlen headed Adolf Hitler's spy operations against the Soviet Union during World War II. After the war, he and his spy apparatus--staffed mostly by former Nazis--were recruited by the CIA. He became the first director of the BND, West Germany's intelligence agency. 12.

"The German affiliate is Western Goals Europe E.V.(5) This German branch is also known as the American-European Strategy Institute. It acknowledges working with Reinhard Gehlen, a former Nazi who has been honored by the elite lay Catholic organization, the Knights of Malta (SMOM).(8 ) SMOM gave its highest award of honor, the Gran Croci Al Merito Conplacca, to Gehlen in l948. Gehlen, who was not a Catholic, was awarded the honor because of his efforts in the "crusade against godless Communism." Gehlen headed Adolf Hitler's spy operations against the Soviet Union during World War II. After the war, he and his spy apparatus--staffed mostly by former Nazis--were recruited by the CIA. He became the first director of the BND, West Germany's intelligence agency." 12.

Gen. Reinhard Gehlen persuaded the U.S. Army and then the CIA to sponsor his intelligence network even though he employed numerous former Nazis and known war criminals.

The following year [1947], it bestowed the Gran Croce al Merito con Placca upon Hitler's Eastern Front intelligence chief Reinhard Gehlen, one of only four recipients of this award at the time. Gehlen's brother was the secretary to Thun Hohenstein, one of the five-member ruling Sovereign Council of the order. As head of the Institute for Associated Emigrations, Hohenstein printed some 2,000 passports, which were used to relocate leading Nazis to safe hiding places around the world.

In 1948, the SMOM gave one of its highest awards of honor, the Gran Croci al Merito con Placca, to General Reinhard Gehlen, Adolf Hitler's chief anti-Soviet spy. (Only three other people received this award.) Gehlen, who was not a Catholic, was touted as a formidable ally in the holy crusade against godless Marxism. After the war he and his well-developed spy apparatus�staffed largely by ex-Nazis�joined the fledgling CIA. Eventually, hundreds more Nazis ended up on the U.S. government's payroll. Among them was Klaus Barbie.

CROCI AL MERITO

(PRO PIIS MERITIS)

GRAN CROCI AL MERITO CON FASCIA

10 4 1948 S.E. Gen. PAUL DARIUS DASSAULT

CRAN CROCI AL MERITO CON PLACCA

23 5 1945 S. E. HAROLD ALEXANDER, visconte di Tunis

23 5 1945 S. E. MYRON C TAYLOR

11 11 1948 Brig. Gen. Barone DEAN de MARGUERITTES

17 11 1948 REINHARD GEHLEN

GEHLEN REINHARD
Germany 1926-1979

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J. Peter Grace (1913 - 1995) was a multimillionaire American industrialist and conglomerateur of Irish Catholic extraction. He was the long-time CEO of W. R. Grace and Company, the firm founded by his grandfather William R. Grace, the first Catholic mayor of New York City.

Peter Grace was the kind of man who, at age seventy, Indian-wrestled fellow chairmen of the board at his desk, showered in the evening to save time getting to work in the morning, wore a Beretta pistol (for terrorists), and, as a Democrat, took out a full-page ad in the New York Times to support President Reagan's tax cuts. source

In the Kennedy administration, J. Peter Grace was head of the Commerce Department Committee on the Alliance for Progress.

[...]

He was president of the chemical company, W. R. Grace & Co. for 48 years, making him the longest reigning CEO of a public company. He was responsible for the Grace Commission Report, and co-founded Citizens Against Government Waste with Jack Anderson in 1984.

"There is nothing I dislike more than being a loser in anything," he said in an interview in Fortune magazine.

In 1984, Mr. Grace received The Hundred Year Association of New York's Gold Medal Award "in recognition of outstanding contributions to the City of New York."

He was devoutly Catholic, and was a Knight of Malta.

The president of the Knights' American branch is J. Peter Grace, chairman of the W.R. Grace Company, which provides a national focus for the organization by including seven other Knights on its board.

J. Peter Grace

The name J. Peter Grace (1913-1995) "is found in the Council for National Policy (CNP) Membership Directory for 1984-85 and 1988. Grace holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from Yale University (1936). Grace "started in 1936 as Assistant Secretary at W. R. Grace, in 1945 became President and CEO. Grace is a member of the Newcomen Society, Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), Knights of Malta: American Chapter of the Board of Founders, Knights of Malta President, 114 Avenue of the Americas [Who's Who in America (1976-77, 1992-93)]. Grace was involved in Project Paperclip -- a post World War II CIA arrangement to remove classified information from dossiers so that former SS members and 900+ Nazi scientists could emigrate to the U. S. Hundreds of war criminals would find employment within government agencies and companies such as W.R. Grace chemical company whose president was J. Peter Grace."[1]

"From 1982-95, J. Peter Grace was Chairman of the Advisory Committee of AmeriCares."

J. Peter Grace founded in 1984 together with Jack Anderson the organization Citizens Against Government Waste. [2] This organization can be seen as a legacy of the 'President's Private Sector Survey on Cost Control', also known as the 'Grace Commission'.

Chairman of the Board of AIFLD.

Former chairman of the Knights of Malta in the United States. Major player in the fascist underground in the post WWII era. Member of the Pilgrims Society, the CFR, and the Council for National Policy. Chairman of the chemical giant W.R. Grace & Co. from 1945 to 1992, which was especially big in South-America. Close to the Rockefellers.

J. Peter Grace - Business Executive, leading Catholic layman, Advisor to three U.S. Presidents - dies at age 81.
[...]
Deeply religious throughout his life, Mr. Grace was a leading layman of the Catholic Church. He was president of the American Association of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and a Member of its Board of Councilors, a Knight Grand Cross of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem; president of the Catholic Youth Organization of the Archdiocese of New York; and a major benefactor of the Catholic Church. He was an advisor to cardinals and a frequent visitor to the Vatican, having had private audiences with Popes Pius XII, John XXIII, Paul VI and John Paul II.

The President of the American Eastern Association of SMOM is J. Peter Grace, President of W.R. Grace Company, who was a key figure in Operation Paperclip, which brought Nazi scientists to the U.S.

Amazing Grace

The American section of the Sovereign Mili-tary Order of Malta has about 1,000 mem-bers�including 300 "dames." They repre-sent the vanguard of American Catholicism, the point at which the Vatican and the U.S. ruling elite intersect. "The Knights of Malta comprise what is perhaps the most exclusive club on earth," Stephen Birmingharn, the social historian, has written. "They are more than the Catholic aristocracy...[they] can pick up a telephone and chat with the pope."

And who are the American Knights? Mother Jones managed to obtain part of the secret membership list. On it we found some famil-iar names: Lee lacocca of Chrysler; Spyros Skouras, the shipping magnate; Robert Abplanalp, the aerosol tycoon and Nixon confidant; Barren Hilton of the hotel chain; John Volpe, former U.S. ambassador to Italy; and William Simon, who served as both treasury secretary and energy czar in the 1970s. At least one former envoy to the Vatican, Robert Wagner (the ex-mayor of New York), and the current emissary to the Vatican, William Wilson, are also members of the Knights of Malta. But there is one institution that stands out as the center of the SMOM in the United States�W.R. Grace & Company. J. Peter Grace, the company chairman, is also president of the American section of SMOM. No less than eight knights, including the chancellor of the order, John D.J. Moore (who was ambas-sador to Ireland under Nixon and Ford), are directors of W.R. Grace.

J. Peter Grace has a long history of involvement with CIA-linked enterprises, such as Radio Liberty and Radio Free Europe, which was the brainchild of General Rein-hard Gehlen. He is also the board chairman of the Amer-ican Institute for Free Labor Development (AIFLD), which has collaborated with multinational corporations and their client dictatorships in Latin America to squelch independent trade unions. Up to $100 million a year of CIA funds were pumped into "trustworthy" labor organi-zations such as AIFLD, whose graduates, according to AIFLD executive director William Doherty, were active in covert operations that led to the military coup in Brazil in 1964. During the early 1970s, Francis D. Flanagan, the Grace repre-sentative in Washington, D. C., was a member of ITT's "Ad Hoc Committee on Chile," which was instrumental in planning the overthrow of Salvador Allende. AIFLD's National Workers' Con-federation subsequently served as the chief labor mouthpiece for the Pinochet junta.

There are many other knights with CIA connections. Clare Boothe Luce, for example, the grande dame of American diplomacy, served as a U.S. ambassador to Italy in the 1950s and is now a member of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, which oversees covert opera-tions. William Buckley, Jr., a former CIA operative and the editor of the National Review, is a member, as is his brother James, a former senator from New York and now undersecretary of state for security assistance.

J. Peter Grace - (incorrectly identified by Swanberg as Secretary of Treasury Douglas Dillion) Head, American Branch of the Knights of Malta; Member, Council on Foreign Relations; in charge of at least ten Knights of Malta involved in the assassination and cover-up including Frank Shakespeare of CBS (using CFR member Walter Cronkite), Francis X. Stankard of the CFR's Chase-Manhattan Bank (using another brother CFR member John J. McCloy on the Warren Commission), Lee Iacocca of Ford Motor Company (using Carl Renas, head of security for the Dearborn Division to drive the bullet-ridden Presidential limousine from Washington D.C. to a Ford dealership in Cincinnati for the purpose of removing all evidence of multiple gunshots) and John A. McCone, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency who personally delivered National Security Memorandum 273 for President Johnson's signature, thereby reversing President Kennedy's decision to de-escalate "Spelly's War" in Vietnam.

J. Peter Grace and Project Paperclip

On January 16, 1980 ABC-TV broadcast a special "News Closeup," "Escape from Justice: Nazi War Criminals in America" which discussed Grace's Role in Project Paperclip.

The transcript of the program, available from ABC on request, states,

"Project Paperclip ....... from the end of WW II to the mid-1950's brought more than 900 German scientists to the United States. ..... Otto Ambros ..... was a chemist and a Director of the notorious I.G. Farben Company which supplied gasoline and rubber for Hitler's war effort. Ambros ...... played a supervisory role in the construction of Farben's plant in the Polish village of Auschwitz. For I.G. Farben, Auschwitz concentration inmates provided a plentiful source of cheap labor. ..... The Nuremberg prosecution charged that each day at Farhen's plant one hundred people died from sheer exhaustion. ...... Otto Ambros was convicted of slavery and mass murder and sentenced to eight years in prison. But even while on trial at Nuremberg, Ambros was a target for U.S. recruiters from 'Project Paperclip.' His prison sentence was commuted after only three years by American officials and he was helped in a bid to enter the United States by ...... J. Peter Grace, President of W. R. Grace, a major American chemical company. .....

An internal State Department document describes how J. Peter Grace helped Otto Ambros in his efforts to enter the U.S. In a memorandum to the U.S. Ambassador to Germany, Grace acknowledges that Ambros was a war criminal. But he adds that in the years he's known Ambros, ...... 'we have developed a very deep admiration, not only for his ability, but more important, for his character in terms of truthfulness and integrity.'

Today Otto Ambros does consulting work tor W. R. Grace and Company and lives here in Mannheim, Germany. In a recent telephone interview Ambros [said] 'I'm happy to still be working as a chemist ...... but it's funny. Now I'm helping the Americans.' "

In June 1981, largely in response to the efforts of well known war crimes researcher Charles Allen, Yeshiva University cancelled a $150-a-plate dinner it had organized to honor Grace. (See also, Joe Conason and Martin A. Rosenblatt, "The Corporate State of Grace," 'Village Voice', April 12, 1983.)

When the scandal broke in West Germany over the Flick company paying huge sums of money to various politicians and parties, it was learned that additionally Flick had taken improper tax waivers and used the money to pump millions of dollars into W. R. Grace Co., becoming a major shareholder. Friedrich Karl Flick himself sits on the Grace Board. As the Moscow New Times reminded its readers (No. 8, 1983, citing Der Spiegel), Friedrich Karl's father, Flick Sr., had poured money into the coffers of the Nazi party in January 1933, and, ''after Goering had promised the Ruhr magnates that "the March 5 elections will be the last elections in this decade and perhaps in this century,'' he contributed another 200,000 marks; this sum was handed to SS Reichfuhrer Himmler. Flick Sr. was subsequently sentenced at Nuremberg to seven years for using slave labor, spoliation and being an accessory to the crimes of the SS. To ensure a good beginning for his son, the war criminal sent him after the war for early training with W. R. Grace.

Remarks at the Annual Dinner of the Knights of Malta in New York, New York

January 13, 1989

Your Eminences, Your Excellency, Your Most Eminent Highness, President Peter Grace, and ladies and gentlemen, tonight for me is a moment from humility: to stand here before you, the members of the most ancient order of its kind in the world, formed in the Holy Land 900 years ago -- or as some of us would say, only yesterday. [Laughter] But to stand in this way before the members of this order with its remarkable history, which speaks to the entire ebb and flow of Western civilization, and its noble present, which is a monument to the highest values of free men and women, is to be reminded once again that the only true calling of man is service to God, and to have served in that calling is cause not for pride but for gratitude

[...]

Note: The President spoke at 8:23 p.m. in the Grand Ballroom at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel. In his opening remarks, he referred to John Cardinal O'Connor, Archbishop of New York; James Cardinal Hickey, Archbishop of Washington, DC; Andrew Bertie, prince and grand master of the military order of the Knights of Malta; and J. Peter Grace, president of the American Association of the Knights of Malta. Following his remarks, the President returned to Washington, DC. The remarks were released by the Office of the Press Secretary on January 14.

J. Peter Grace - CNP Membership Directory (1984-85; 1988). Bachelor of Arts Yale University (1936), started in 1936 as Assistant Secretary at W. R. Grace, in 1945 became President and CEO, Newcomen Society, CFR, Knights of Malta: American Chapter of the Board of Founders, Knights of Malta President, 114 Avenue of the Americas [Who's Who in America (1976-77, 1992-93)] Grace was involved in Project Paperclip -- a post World War II CIA arrangement to remove classified information from dossiers so that former SS members and 900+ Nazi scientists could emigrate to the U. S. Hundreds of war criminals would find employment within government agencies and companies such as W.R. Grace chemical company whose president was J. Peter Grace.

When it was at its height in drug experiments, operation MK-ULTRA was formed. This was the brainchild of Richard Helms who later came to be a CIA director. It was designed to defeat the "enemy" in its brain- washing techniques. MK-ULTRA had another arm involved in Chemical and Biological Warfare (CBW) known as MK-DELTA. The "doctors" who participated in these experiments used some of the same techniques as the Nazi "doctors". Those doctors who were not indicted in the Nuremberg trials were imported from Germany under the program called "Operation Paperclip." The Nazi doctors were a valuable source of information to the CIA since many of the U.S. techniques mimicked what had already been done by the Nazis. [Winds, CIA: Bastion of Integrity]

From 1982-95, J. Peter Grace (CFR) was Chairman of the Advisory Committee of AmeriCares, which included William E. Simon (CFR), Treasury Secretary under Richard Nixon. The Honorary Chair of AmeriCares is Zbigniew Brzezinski (BB/CFR/TC); Ambassador-At-Large is Barbara Bush and the Advisory Committee includes: Prescott S. Bush, Jr. [brother to former Pres. George Bush (CFR)], 33º Mason Gen. Colin L. Powell (ret.) (CFR) and Sol M. Linowitz (CFR/TC), chairman of Xerox Corp and officer of the World Future Society. Sol Linowitz was also a representative to the Organization of American States and co-founder in 1964 with David Rockefeller (CFR) of the International Executive Services Corp, an international business development organization for which Linowitz and Rockefeller received the Medal of Freedom Award in 1998. [John Birch Society]

Using his inherent talent, drive, and devotion to the Association, Cardinal Spellman was able to enlist the aid of some of America’s elite, including: John J. Raskob, chairman of General Motors; John Farrell, then president of U.S. Steel; Joseph P. Grace of W.R. Grace & Co.; Joseph Kennedy, a Boston entrepreneur; George MacDonald of Pennsylvania; and John D. Ryan.

GRACE J PETER JR
Nicaragua 1985 Honduras 1985

* Agee,P. Inside the Company: CIA Diary. 1975 (244)
* Agee,P. Poelchau,W. Whitepaper Whitewash. 1981 (49)
* Black,J.K. United States Penetration of Brazil. 1977 (112, 114, 119)
* Business Week. CEOs of 1000 Top Companies. 1991-11-25 (194)
* Cockburn,L. Out of Control. 1987 (17)
* Colby,G. Dennett,C. Thy Will Be Done. 1995 (312, 397, 673-4, 717)
* Constantine,A. Psychic Dictatorship in the U.S.A. 1995 (185)
* Council on Foreign Relations. Membership Roster. 1992
* CounterSpy 1975-W (33, 42)
* CounterSpy 1978-12 (12)
* CounterSpy 1979-05 (13)
* CounterSpy 1981-04 (14)
* CounterSpy 1984-08 (32)
* Covert Action Information Bulletin 1986-#25 (28, 33-5, 37)
* Diamond,S. Spiritual Warfare. 1989 (13, 155-6)
* Domhoff,G.W. The Higher Circles. 1971 (262)
* Frazier,H. Uncloaking the CIA. 1978 (263)
* Guardian (New York) 1985-03-13 (3)
* Gutierrez,C. The Dominican Republic. 1972 (37)
* Higham,C. American Swastika. 1985 (203)
* Hirsch,F. Fletcher,R. The CIA and the Labour Movement. 1977 (16-7)
* Hirsch,F. Our AFL-CIO Role in Latin America. 1974 (3, 6)
* Hunt,L. Secret Agenda. 1991 (256)
* Intelligence (Paris) 1995-03-27 (14)
* Intelligence (Paris) 1995-04-24 (15)
* Lernoux,P. Cry of the People. 1982 (206, 211, 226)
* Lernoux,P. People of God. 1989 (201, 287, 291-7)
* Los Angeles Times 1982-04-24 (I14)
* Mother Jones 1983-07 (24)
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* NACLA. Yanqui Dollar. 1971 (44)
* National Reporter 1985-SU (38)
* National Reporter 1986-W (57-60)
* National Reporter 1986-SU (25)
* New York Times 1987-12-07 (D1, 9)
* PRODEMCA. National Council Member. 1986
* Parapolitics/USA 1982-03-31 (33-5, 37)
* Resource Center. AIFLD in Central America. 1986 (7-8, 10, 61, 71)
* Resource Center. Bulletin 1989-F (5)
* Resource Center. GroupWatch 1989-CANF (1-3)
* Resource Center. GroupWatch 1991-SMOM (1-2)
* Resource Center. The New Right Humanitarians. 1986 (28, 36)
* Resource Center. Workers of the World Undermined. 1991 (5)
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* Sanders,J. Peddlers of Crisis. 1983 (156)
* Simpson,C. Blowback. 1988 (126)
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* Washington Post 1990-03-18 (B2)
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* Who's Who in America. 1984-1985
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GRACE W.R. COMPANY
Peru 1960-1970 Ecuador 1963 Nicaragua 1986

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* Borosage,R. Marks,J. The CIA File. 1976 (80)
* CounterSpy 1979-05 (13)
* CounterSpy 1984-08 (32)
* Diamond,S. Spiritual Warfare. 1989 (13, 155)
* Hunt,L. Secret Agenda. 1991 (130)
* Intelligence/Parapolitics (Paris) 1987-07 (13)
* Lernoux,P. Cry of the People. 1982 (225-7)
* Lernoux,P. People of God. 1989 (287, 292-4)
* Loftus,J. Aarons,M. The Secret War Against the Jews. 1994 (111)
* Lundberg,F. The Rich and the Super-Rich. 1969 (316)
* NACLA. The University-Military-Police Complex. 1970 (40)
* NACLA. Yanqui Dollar. 1971 (44)
* National Reporter 1985-SU (38)
* New York Times 1987-12-07 (D1, 9)
* Parapolitics/USA 1982-03-31 (33-4, 36-7)
* Parvus Company. Brochure. 1987 (3)
* Rampton,S. Stauber,J. Trust Us, We're Experts! 2001 (202-3)
* Resource Center. AIFLD in Central America. 1986 (8 )
* Resource Center. GroupWatch 1991-SMOM (2)
* Saloma,J. Ominous Politics. 1984 (43)
* Washington Post 1992-06-16 (A6)
* Weissman,S. Trojan Horse. 1975 (124)

pages cited this search: 34

AMERICARES FOUNDATION
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Nicaragua 1985-1988 Philippines 1987

* Anderson,S.& J. Inside the League. 1986 (183)
* COHA. Resource Center. NED: A Foreign Policy Branch Gone Awry. 1990 (45)
* Columbia Journalism Review 1988-08 (32, 35)
* Covert Action Information Bulletin 1986-#25 (35-6, 53)
* Covert Action Information Bulletin 1988-#29 (22)
* DeCamp,J. The Franklin Cover-up. 1994 (180-1)
* Guardian (New York) 1985-03-13 (3)
* Lernoux,P. People of God. 1989 (295)
* National Reporter 1986-W (58, 60)
* Naylor,R.T. Hot Money and the Politics of Debt. 1994 (157, 398)
* Resource Center. The New Right Humanitarians. 1986 (46-7)
* Sklar,H. Washington's War on Nicaragua. 1988 (240-1)
* Sojourners Magazine 1985-10 (16)
* Washington Post 1984-12-27 (A1, 25)
* Washington Post 1985-05-03 (A22)

pages cited this search: 24

Junio Valerio Borghese

Prince Junio Valerio Scipione Borghese (6 June 1906 - 26 August 1974) was an Italian naval commander and controversial political figure.

Junio Valerio Borghese was born in Rome into the wealthy Borghese noble family, and educated in London and from 1923 at the Royal Italian Navy Academy (Accademia Navale) in Livorno.

In 1929 his naval career began, and by 1933 he was a submarine commander. He took part in the Ethiopian War and during the Spanish Civil War was in command of the Italian submarine Iride.

At the start of the Second World War he took command of the submarine Pisani, and in August 1940 was in command of the submarine Scir?, which was modified to carry the new secret Italian weapon, the human torpedo. Known as a SLCs (siluri a lenta corsa - slow speed torpedoes), and nicknamed maiali (pigs), these were small underwater assault vehicles with a crew of two. In September 1941 Borghese managed to enter Gibraltar harbour to launch the human torpedos on a raid which damaged three ships. On 18 December 1941, he reached Alexandria and launched three SLCs that damaged the Royal Navy battleships HMS Valiant and HMS Queen Elizabeth, and the tanker Sagona.

In 1942 J. Valerio Borghese took command of the elite naval sabotage unit of the Italian Navy, which included surface assault craft, human torpedoes, midget submarines and SCUBA assault swimmers. This unit, known as the Decima Flottiglia MAS, or X-MAS, saw active service in the Mediterranean and pioneered new techniques of commando assault warfare, commanding the admiration of Italians and the respect of the Royal Navy.

Following the surrender of Italy on 8 September 1943, Decima Flottiglia was disbanded, and some of its sailors joined the Allied cause to fight against Germany. Borghese chose to ally himself with the fascist Italian Social Republic and continue fighting alongside the German armed forces, and on 12 September 1943 he signed a treaty of alliance with the German Navy. Many of his colleagues volunteered to serve with him, and the Decima Flottiglia was revived, headquartered in the Palazzo Fantoni in Salo. By the end of the war it had over 18,000 members, and although Borghese conceived it as a purely military unit, it gained a reputation as a savage pro-fascist, anti-communist, anti-resistance force in land campaigns alongside the German army, under the command of SS General Wolff.

At the end of the war Borghese was arrested by partisans, but rescued by OSS officer James Angleton, who dressed him up in an American uniform and drove him to Rome for interrogation by the Allies. Borghese was tried and convicted of war crimes, sentenced to 12 years imprisonment, but released from jail by the Italian Supreme Court in 1949.

With his record as a war hero and his support of fascism, he became a figurehead for pro-fascist, anti-communist groups in the immediate post-war period, acquiring the nickname Black Prince. He was associated with the Movimento Sociale Italiano (MSI), the neo-Fascist party formed in the post-World War II period by supporters of the executed dictator Benito Mussolini, and its successor the Fronte Nazionale.

Borghese's name is also linked with plots by the CIA to promote fascism in post-war Italy as a means of combating communism.

Latterly regarded as a political outcast, Junio Valerio Borghese died in Cadiz in 1974.

He wrote a popular memoir of his wartime exploits, published as "Sea Devils" in 1954.

Meanwhile, James Jesus Angleton, who would later become the CIA's controversial director of counterintelligence, was dispatched by admiral Ellery Stone, U.S. proconsul in occupied Italy, to rescue Prince Valerio Borghese from possible arrest by the Italian Resistance, which had sentenced him to death for war crimes. Borghese, who survived to be a leader in Italy's postwar fascist politics, was a Bailiff Grand Cross of Honor and Devotion of SMOM, and in gratitude for U.S. services to him and other Knights, SMOM gave Stone, Angleton and Angelton's deputy its Grand Cross award. Other recipients of the coveted award were Reinhard Gehlen and Truman's Vatican envoy, Myron C. Taylor.

The career of the Roman "Black Prince," Junio Valerio Borghese, gruesomely illustrates how virtually all modern "international terrorism" and all assassinations of heads of state and government such as President John F. Kennedy, former Italian Prime Minister Aldo Moro, or the numerous attempts on France's President Charles de Gaulle, derive from the postwar Nazi International, sponsored by the Anglo-American-led Synarchy and its intelligence services. To trace all the ramifications of that career, is to open a door onto the centuries-old highest level of the financial oligarchy�the Synarchy: the aristocratic families of the "black nobility," the Sovereign Military Order of the Knights of Malta, and the heirs of what Pope John Paul I called the "ancients" of Venice.

The fascist Borghese founded Mussolini's elite naval warfare squadron, which he turned into a savage irregular warfare unit in northern Italy by the end of World War II. Picked up by Allen Dulles, James Jesus Angleton, and other anti-Franklin Delano Roosevelt operatives of the U.S. Office of Strategic Services (OSS), Borghese and his men would be involved in every major postwar coup attempt or terrorist outbreak in Italy until 1970, when he fled to Spain after the failed coup attempt most closely associated with his name. From Italy, and then while in Spain, he maintained connections all over Europe and with the bloody Operation Condor torture-and-murder syndicate in Ibero-America. An examination of Borghese's career enables one to peer beneath the surface of terrorism and spectacular assassinations, into the netherworld whence these actions are launched: where international high finance; ancient aristocratic families; pro-fascist elements of the Curia of the Catholic Church; leading fascists of the Hitler-Mussolini era; and the Anglo-American intelligence services, in particular those of NATO, are all unified in a war against the modern nation-state.

The British and U.S. intelligence services' files on Borghese are still classified, as are the Borghese family archives in the Vatican after 1922, when Mussolini seized power. The present book is the first biography of Borghese in English. When correlated with other recent exposés of Gladio, the post-World War II NATO "stay-behind" network in Europe, and when all are situated within the work of Lyndon LaRouche and his associates on the Synarchy, it is a notable contribution to unmasking international terrorism, though the book's authors are perhaps not always aware of the full implications of what they present.[1]

Borghese belonged to a principal family of Rome's ostensibly Catholic "black nobility," many members of which claim descent from the elite of the Roman Empire. Numerous Popes and cardinals came from the Borghese and allied families, such as the Pallavicini, the Colonna, and the Orsini; these families maintained enormous power into the 20th Century, and still today, in the Curia, the administration of the Vatican. Their faction within the Church helped construct the infamous "rat-line"�run, in part, through monasteries and convents�which spirited thousands of Fascists and Nazis out of Europe after the war, into Ibero-America, Asia, and the Middle East.

[...]

Essential to Angleton's activities, to the establishment of the first stay-behind units in Italy, and to the organization of the Vatican-linked "rat-lines" which smuggled fascists out of Europe at war's end, was the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM). The Rome-based SMOM was a nominally Catholic organization with membership drawn from the highest ranks of the European oligarchy, in particular Italy's black nobility. The SMOM awarded Angleton one of its highest decorations in 1946. A member of the "Black Prince's" family, S. Giacomo, Prince Borghese, had been a Bailiff Grand Cross of Honor of Devotion in the SMOM since 1932, while P2 founder Licio Gelli and several of his top members, including secret service heads, also belonged.

Allen Welsh Dulles (April 7, 1893 – January 29, 1969) was the first civilian and the longest serving (1953-1961) Director of Central Intelligence (de-facto head of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency) and a member of the Warren Commission. Between stints of government service, Dulles was a corporate lawyer and partner at Sullivan & Cromwell.

Dulles was appointed by William J. Donovan to become head of operations in New York for the Coordinator of Information (COI), which was set up in Room 3603 of Rockefeller Center, taking over offices staffed by Britain's MI6. The COI was the precursor to the Office of Strategic Services, renamed in 1942.

During the 1930s Allen Dulles gained much experience in Germany. An early foe of Adolf Hitler, Dulles was transferred from Britain to Berne, Switzerland for the rest of World War II, and notably was heavily involved in the controversial and secret Operation Sunrise. He is featured in the classic Soviet TV series Seventeen Moments of Spring for his role in that operation. Dulles became the station chief in Berne, Switzerland, for the newly formed Office of Strategic Services (the precursor to the CIA), a logical one. Dulles supplied his government with much sensitive information about Nazi Germany.

Dulles worked on intelligence regarding German plans and activities. Dulles established wide contacts with German émigrés, resistance figures, and anti-Nazi intelligence officers (who linked him, through Hans Bernd Gisevius, to the tiny but daring opposition to Hitler in Germany itself). Although Washington barred Dulles from making firm commitments to the plotters of the 20 July 1944 attempt to assassinate Hitler, the conspirators nonetheless gave him reports on developments in Germany, including sketchy but accurate warnings of plans for Hitler’s V-1 and V-2 missiles.

Dulles's career was jump-started by the information provided by Fritz Kolbe, a German diplomat and a foe of the Nazis. Kolbe supplied secret documents regarding active German spies and plans regarding the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter. In 1945, he played a central role in negotiations leading to the unconditional capitulation of German troops in Italy.

After the war in Europe, Dulles served for six months as the OSS Berlin station chief. In 1947, Congress created the Central Intelligence Agency. Dulles was closely involved with its development. His translator at this time was Henry Kissinger, who worked for Army Intelligence.

Dulles' CIA Operation Paperclip assimilated Nazi scientists into the American establishment by obscuring their histories and short circuiting efforts to bring their true stories to light. The project was led by officers in the United States Army. Although the program officially ended in September 1947, those officers and others carried out a conspiracy until the mid-fifties that bypassed both law and presidential directive to keep Paperclip going. Neither Presidents Truman nor Eisenhower were informed that their instructions were ignored.

In the 1948 Presidential election, Allen Dulles was Republican nominee Thomas E. Dewey's chief advisor. The Dulles brothers and James Forrestal helped form the Office of Policy Coordination.Under President Eisenhower, Dulles became CIA director.

They also shared another very interesting commonality, they were all faithful Catholics. And not just that; Pinay, Habsburg, and Adenauer were members of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM). Pinay, Habsburg and the less prominent Jean Violet have also been accused of involvement with Opus Dei. On the membership list of Le Cercle you'll find plenty of names accused of having been connected with the Knights of Malta, Opus Dei, or the Priory the Sion (monarchist templar organization).

This is all the more interesting, because Joseph Retinger, who recruited Bernhard and others to set up Bilderberg, was another Vatican agent; a Jesuit and likely a Knight of Malta. At the end of WWII, the Knights of Malta have been involved with smuggling nazis out of Germany with the help of the OSS (later CIA), an organisation they themselves created.

In turn, the CIA funded the covert anti-communist war in Europe, including Radio Free Europe, the Economist, the European Council of Princes, the Gehlen Organization, the Stay-Behind networks, the Pinay Circle, and the overall European moverment. A lot of this money was funneled through American Committee on United Europe (ACUE), which was established at the direction of Duncan Sandys, Joseph Retinger, Allen Dulles, and William Donovan. Dulles and Donovan were top CIA chiefs and Knights of Malta, Retinger a Vatican agent, and Duncan Sandys a son-in-law of Churchill. Besides the CIA's clandestine efforts, the Ford Foundation and the Rockefeller Institute were the prime sponsors of the ACUE

Included it in the original Circle article but I have no clue of its source. Besides, Dulles died in 1969, the year the Circle was supposedly founded.

Brother of John F. Dulles. Princeton up to 1916. Attended Cap & Gown events, according to Kay Griggs, just as Donald Rumsfeld, William Colby, Frank Carlucci, James Baker, George Griggs, and George P. Shultz (August 3, 2005, Rense). Sent to Bern, Switzerland to work under State Department senior Hugh Wilson (Skull & Bones 1909) to collect political information on Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire 1916-1918. Joines his older brother, John Foster Dulles (Pilgrim), and David Bruce (Pilgrim) as members of President Woodrow Wilson's staff at the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919. Became a partner in Sullivan & Cromwell from 1927. Director of Schroder Co. Director Council on Foreign Relations 1927-1933. Secretary Council on Foreign Relations 1933-1944. In May 1941 he urges the U.S. to enter World War II. Recruited by OSS intelligence chief and Knight of Malta Colonel William J. Donovan 1941. Sets up and runs a spy post in Bern, Switserland 1942-1945. Vice-president Council on Foreign Relations 1944-1946. Said to have been involved in Operation Paperclip where about many German scientists and their families were secretly imported into the United States and placed into the Military-Industrial complex. President Council on Foreign Relations 1946-1950. Director Central Intelligence Agency 1953-1961. Member of President Johnson’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy 1963-1964 (forerunner of the Warren Commission). Primary United Fruit Company shareholder. Dulles International Airport in Washington, D.C. is named after him. Dulles was a member of Le Cercle and the Order of Malta. Member of the Pilgrims Society. Seems to have been a member of the 'Knight's Templar' (together with Kermit Roosevelt and Frank Wisner), an elite intelligence group within the CIA.

The SMOM awarded its Croce Al Merito Seconda Classe to Italy's OSS chief James Jesus Angleton in 1946, around the same time it honored his boss, Allen Dulles.

Knight William Donovan served as chief aide to the American prosecutor at the post-war Nuremberg trials, after handing over the reigns of the OSS/CIA to fellow Knight Allen Dulles.

Prior to working for the OSS (he headed the OSS station in Switzerland during the war) Allen Dulles and his law partner John Foster had served as business managers and lawyers to John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil. They personally brokered the partnership between Standard Oil and I.G. Farben chemical corporation. I.G.Farben not only produced gasoline for the Nazi war machine, it manufactured "Zyklon B", used slave labor before and during the war (including their huge petro-chemical factory adjacent to Auschwitz death camp), owned Bayer Pharmaceuticals which according to a current lawsuit was directly involved in Dr. Josef Mengele's horrific Auschwitz experiments, and was spared from Allied bombings due to its Rockefeller interests.

DULLES ALLEN WELSH
Turkey 1921 Switzerland 1942-1945 Guatemala 1954 Cambodia 1955 Cuba 1961

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* Hunt,H. Give Us This Day. 1973 (9, 213, 215-6, 219)
* Immerman,R. The CIA in Guatemala. 1982 (124, 139)
* Inquiry Magazine 1978-07-10 (18)
* Jeffreys-Jones,R. The CIA and American Democracy. 1989 (44, 56-7, 72-3, 98, 101-3, 110-7, 127-8)
* Kahin,A.& G. Subversion as Foreign Policy. 1995
* Kantor,S. The Ruby Cover-up. 1992 (161, 165, 187)
* Kelly,S. America's Tyrant. 1993 (11, 34, 57-8, 61)
* Lane,M. Plausible Denial. 1991 (41, 49, 98-9, 155)
* Lashmar,P. Oliver,J. Britain's Secret Propaganda War. 1998 (145)
* LeBor,A. Hitler's Secret Bankers. 1997 (97, 134-5, 167, 175-9, 213)
* Lee,M. The Beast Reawakens. 1997 (6, 19-20, 25, 33, 37-9)
* Lisagor,N. Lipsius,F. A Law Unto Itself. 1989
* Lobster Magazine (Britain) 1996-#32 (4)
* Loftus,J. Aarons,M. The Secret War Against the Jews. 1994 (21-2, 38-41, 46, 55-92, 100-2, 109-12, 133-44, 151-2, 217-25, 230, 239-40, 252)
* MacEoin,G. Revolution Next Door. 1971 (165)
* Mader,J. Who's Who in CIA. 1968
* Mangold,T. Cold Warrior. 1991 (49-51)
* Marks,J. The Search for the Manchurian Candidate. 1980 (87)
* Marrs,J. Crossfire. 1990 (232, 465-6, 470, 474, 487)
* Marshall,J... The Iran-Contra Connection. 1987 (126)
* McCartney,L. Friends in High Places. 1988 (74, 115-8)
* McClintock,M. Instruments of Statecraft. 1992 (150, 166)
* Melanson,P. Spy Saga. 1990 (4-5, 129-33)
* Minnick,W. Spies and Provocateurs. 1992 (59)
* Moldea,D. The Hoffa Wars. 1978 (126, 131, 133)
* Morrow,R. First Hand Knowledge. 1992 (25, 271, 289)
* NACLA. Guatemala. 1974 (63, 165-6)
* NACLA. Who Rules Columbia? 1970 (17)
* Nair,K. Devil and His Dart. 1986 (105)
* NameBase NewsLine 1996-01 (5)
* NameBase NewsLine 1997-04 (2-3)
* New Republic 1995-03-27 (32-7)
* New York Magazine 1976-08-16 (28)
* New York Times Book Review 1994-12-11 (9)
* Newman,J. JFK and Vietnam. 1992 (29, 141, 245-6)
* Newman,J. Oswald and the CIA. 1995 (118, 120-6)
* Oglesby,C. The Yankee and Cowboy War. 1976 (42)
* Operation Zapata: Bay of Pigs Testimony. 1984
* Payne,R. Dobson,C. Who's Who in Espionage. 1984 (41-2)
* Perloff,J. The Shadows of Power. 1988 (104, 114)
* Persico,J. Casey. 1991 (62-3)
* Petrusenko,V. A Dangerous Game: CIA and the Mass Media. 1977 (36-7)
* Pisani,S. The CIA and the Marshall Plan. 1991 (17, 20, 41, 45, 50, 61-4, 76, 79-80, 83, 108, 122)
* Powers,T. The Man Who Kept the Secrets. 1981 (28, 397-8)
* Prados,J. Presidents' Secret Wars. 1988 (34, 57, 82-3, 94, 107, 111, 130, 135-6, 176-8, 207-8, 210)
* Prouty,L.F. JFK. 1992 (10, 26, 129, 156-60, 182, 303-4)
* Quigley,C. The Anglo-American Establishment. 1981 (195)
* Quigley,C. Tragedy and Hope. 1966 (938, 952, 1059, 1130, 1281)
* Quirk,J. Central Intelligence Agency: A Photographic History. 1986 (225-7)
* Raviv,D. Melman,Y. Friends in Deed. 1994 (60)
* Reese,M. General Reinhard Gehlen: The CIA Connection. 1990 (xii, 90-1, 140-1)
* Rich,B. Janos,L. Skunk Works. 1994 (158-9, 165)
* Riebling,M. Wedge. 1994 (36, 84, 95, 119-22, 197-8)
* Roelofs,J. Foundations and Public Policy. 2003 (160)
* Russell,D. The Man Who Knew Too Much. 1992 (117, 130-1, 192, 234-5)
* San Jose Mercury News 1993-03-28 (21)
* Saunders,F. The Cultural Cold War. 2000 (35, 95-7, 129-32, 137, 140-1, 203, 209-12)
* Scheim,D. Contract on America. 1988 (192, 210)
* Schlesinger,S. Kinzer,S. Bitter Fruit. 1983 (106, 108)
* Scott,P.D. Deep Politics. 1993 (295)
* Scott,P.D... The Assassinations: Dallas and Beyond. 1976 (14)
* Seagrave,S.& P. Gold Warriors. 2003 (91)
* Shoup,L. Minter,W. Imperial Brain Trust. 1977 (5, 61-2, 91, 95, 107-8, 120-1, 194-6, 210, 235, 289, 301)
* Simpson,C. Blowback. 1988 (90, 125-6)
* Simpson,C. The Splendid Blond Beast. 1993 (12-3, 20-2, 55-6, 121-4, 156-7, 189-91, 199-205, 217-9, 240-4, 267, 272-4, 276)
* Simpson,C. Universities and Empire. 1998 (168-9, 172)
* Sklar,H. Trilateralism. 1980 (185)
* Smith,B. The Shadow Warriors. 1983 (56, 189-93, 213-4, 222-7, 406, 410-2)
* Smith,R.H. OSS. 1981 (9-10, 204-41, 376-7)
* Spin Magazine 1994-03 (52-3, 87)
* Spotlight Newspaper 1998-07-20 (B7)
* Summers,A. Conspiracy. 1981 (268)
* Summers,A. The Arrogance of Power. 2000 (62-3, 184, 189)
* Syrokomsky,V. International Terrorism and the CIA. 1983 (55-6)
* Tarpley,W.G. Chaitkin,A. George Bush. 1992 (80, 338)
* Thomas,E. The Very Best Men. 1996
* Thomas,G. Gideon's Spies. 2000 (43-4)
* Thomas,G. Journey Into Madness. 1990 (85-98)
* Thomas,K. Keith,J. The Octopus. 1996 (72, 77)
* Thomas,K. Popular Alienation: A Steamshovel Press Reader. 1995 (82)
* Trento,J. Prelude to Terror. 2005 (1-12)
* Trento,J. The Secret History of the CIA. 2001
* Tully,A. CIA: The Inside Story. 1962 (34-44, 258-9)
* Tyson,J. Target America. 1981 (171)
* Van der Pijl,K. The Making of an Atlantic Ruling Class. 1997 (82, 131)
* Vankin,J. Conspiracies, Cover-ups, and Crimes. 1991 (177-8, 213, 244-5)
* Volkman,E. Baggett,B. Secret Intelligence. 1989 (86-7, 107-8, 114, 130)
* Volkman,E. Warriors of the Night. 1985 (39)
* Washington Post 1985-02-19 (A7)
* Weiner,T. Blank Check. 1991 (115)
* Weissman,S. Big Brother and the Holding Company. 1974 (220)
* West,N. Games of Intelligence. 1990 (11, 211)
* Whiting,C. Gehlen: Germany's Master Spy. 1972 (107)
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Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (July 29, 1883 – April 28, 1945) was the prime minister of Italy from 1922 until 1943, when he was overthrown. He established a Fascist regime that valued nationalism, militarism and anti-communism combined with strict censorship and state propaganda. Mussolini became a close ally of German dictator Adolf Hitler, whom he influenced. Mussolini entered World War II in June 1940 on the side of Nazi Germany. Three years later, the Allies invaded Italy and occupied most of southern Italy. In April 1945, Mussolini attempted to escape to Switzerland, only to be captured and killed near Lake Como by Italian communist partisans. His body was brought to Milan where it was hung upside down at a petrol station for public viewing and confirmation of his demise.

Grand Master Ludovico Chigi Albani della Rovere awarded the Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion to Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. He was also awarded a knighthood prior to World War II.[8]

Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

Awarded by Grand Master Ludovico Chigi della Rovere Albani (Grand Master 1931-1951)
Source of information on the award: Peyrefitte, Roger. Knights of Malta.
Translated from the French by Edward Hyams. Secker & Warburg, London, 1960, page 96.

The Knights of Malta and the Knights Hospitalers are now known as the Order of Malta, not to be confused with the island republic of Malta. The Order of Malta was given extraterritorial buildings in Rome by Benito Mussolini, and they function almost as a miniature country, with their own flag, and sending ambassadors, to their embassies, in many leading countries. The Order of Malta is well established in England, Scotland, and France, not to mention Italy.

Mussolini signs the Lateran Pact of 1929, which brought into being the Vatican City State.

Cardinal Gasparri and Benito Mussolini (seated) after exchanging treaty ratifications in the Hall of Congregations, the Vatican, June 7th, 1929.

MUSSOLINI BENITO
Italy 1919-1945

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* Chernow,R. The House of Morgan. 1990 (277-86, 402-7, 454-7)
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* Corvo,M. The O.S.S. in Italy, 1942-1945. 1990 (23, 255-6)
* Finder,J. Red Carpet. 1983 (61)
* Gurwin,L. The Calvi Affair. 1984 (1, 3-4, 184)
* LeBor,A. Hitler's Secret Bankers. 1997 (159-60, 211)
* Lee,M. The Beast Reawakens. 1997 (9-10, 17-8)
* McCoy,A. The Politics of Heroin. 1991 (30)
* NameBase NewsLine 1997-01 (8 )
* Naylor,R.T. Hot Money and the Politics of Debt. 1994 (77-8, 83)
* Nicaso,A. Lamothe,L. Global Mafia. 1995 (55-6)
* Parenti,M. Dirty Truths. 1996 (258-60)
* Parenti,M. Inventing Reality. 1993 (114-5)
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* Sterling,C. Octopus. 1991 (51-2)
* Swanberg,W.A. Luce and His Empire. 1972 (71-3, 75-8, 108, 126-7)
* Thomas,K. Popular Alienation: A Steamshovel Press Reader. 1995 (232)
* Tosches,N. Power on Earth. 1986 (22-4)
* Van der Pijl,K. The Making of an Atlantic Ruling Class. 1997 (67)
* Willan,P. Puppetmasters. 1991 (30-1)

pages cited this search: 103

Francis Joseph Cardinal Spellman (May 4, 1889 – December 2, 1967) was the ninth bishop and sixth archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York. He served as Archbishop of New York from 1939 until his death, and was named a cardinal by Pope Pius XII in 1946.

[...]

He was Grand Prior of USA of the Sovereign Order of Malta and Grand Prior of America of the Military and Hospitaller Order of St. Lazarus.

The American Association of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (Knights of Malta, SMOM) was founded in 1927. "By 1941 Francis Cardinal Spellman was listed as the 'Grand Protector' and 'Spritual Advisor' of the Order, with John J. Raskob as Treasurer. Members included John Farrell, then President of U.S. Steel, Joseph P. Grace, and John D. Ryan. In 1934 Raskob, inspired by the French fascist Croix de Feu, and working closely with Morgan Bank's John Davis, had been a principal financier in the plot to organize a fascist coup in the U.S. The plan failed when General Smedley Butler, who had been set up to lead the project, denounced it."

In 1941, Cardinal Spellman had become the "Grand Protector" and "Spiritual Advisor" to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM), the American association of which was created in 1927.

Cardinal Spellman -- Religious leader in New York, he was a protegé of Cardinal Pacelli, Pope Pius XII, who is often accused of collaboration with the Nazis. [92] Spellman is the U.S. spiritual leader of the Knights of Malta.[93] He is responsible for introducing Ngo Dinh Diem to Allen Dulles, and then proposing his presidency of South Vietnam to President Kennedy. [94] When Diem resisted the introduction of American troops into Vietnam, Dulles told General Westmoreland to go ahead anyway, and our CIA helped to kill Diem]

Documents show that New York's Cardinal Francis Spellman was directly involved in the 1954 right-wing military coup of Guatemala, which led to the murder of thousands, and of which the CIA has acknowledged complicity. He has also been linked to neo-Nazi group "P2" and the Mafia by his long involvement with "P2" member Archbishop Paul Marcinkus of Chicago, former head of the Vatican Bank, who was under serious suspicion by Italian authorities for the untimely death of Pope John Paul I. Cardinal Spellman was not only an old friend of CIA creator "Wild Bill" Donovan (who previously had a law firm in New York) but was the actual head of the Knights of Malta in America throughout the 40's, 50's and 60's, and was responsible for vast sums of money raised from its members, who have to pay thousands annually to remain in the order.

His Eminence Cardinal Spellman, "Grand Protector" of the Knights of Malta, worked with Pope Pius XII to help Nazi war criminals escape justice. According to Frederic Laurent (*L'Orchestre Noir. Pairs: Editions Stock, 1978),

All studies [of the post-WWII nazi networks] have shown the determining role played by the Catholic Church in the flight of war criminals. Since April 1943, following negotiations between Pius XII and the ultra reactionary American archbishop Francis Spellman, the Holy See became the clandestine center of Anglo-American espionage in Italy. This collaboration in fact had begun the previous year... between Earl Brennan, a veteran of the American State Department and Gian Battista Montini, at the time a bishop and Under-Secretary of State at the Vatican. This close collaboration between the future [Pope] Paul VI and the American secret services continued after the war through the [CIA] intermediary James Angleton...

Francis Cardinal Spellman - Jesuit-trained at Fordham University in New York and the American College in Rome; Archbishop of Rome's wealthiest and most powerful Diocese; "Military Vicar" of the American Empire controlling the Knights of Malta, Shriner Freemasonry, the Knights of Columbus and the Mafia's Commission;

In 1927, the Rome-based SMOM authorized the establishment of an American chapter, whose members did not have to prove their aristocratic lineage. Its Treasurer and lay controller was John J. Raskob, the bitterly anti-FDR head of the Democratic National Committee, who in 1934 helped finance a coup attempt against Roosevelt. Its Grand Protector and Spiritual Advisor was Cardinal Francis Spellman of New York, one of whose closest Cold War associates was Time/Life publisher and Congress for Cultural Freedom co-founder Henry Luce.

In 1927, His Eminence, Patrick Cardinal Hayes was selected as the [SMOM] group’s first Chaplain.[7] It was through Cardinal Hayes that the relationship between the Order and American Catholics became formalized[8].

Additionally, the [SMOM] Association was soon to receive the protection and guidance of Francis Cardinal Spellman.[9] He had originally became aware of the American Knights while a Monsignor in Rome working as an assistant to Mr. Edward Hearn (a founding member of the American Association),[10] and his connection with the Association strengthened over the next few years.

Spellman possessed an exceptional ability to achieve things both political and economic. As a political manager and businessman, he had few equals within the Church[11].

Spellman, while auxiliary bishop of Boston became the American Order’s official church patron. After becoming archbishop of New York in 1939, Spellman’s fame and political power continued to grow. He also never failed in bringing near constant praise to the American Association as he continued to collect enormous funds earmarked to various Catholic projects. By 1941 Francis Cardinal Spellman was listed as the ‘Grand Protector’ and ‘Spiritual Advisor’ of the Association (see fn. 9). Using his inherent talent, drive, and devotion to the Association, Cardinal Spellman was able to enlist the aid of some of America’s elite, including: John J. Raskob, chairman of General Motors; John Farrell, then president of U.S. Steel; Joseph P. Grace of W.R. Grace & Co.; Joseph Kennedy, a Boston entrepreneur; George MacDonald of Pennsylvania; and John D. Ryan.
[...]
fn.9:
Spellman was a Monsignor when he became involved with the Association and later on becoming Archbishop of New York called himself ‘Grand Protector’ of the Association. For his ‘protection’ of the Association, Cardinal Spellman was later made a Knight of Magistral Grace. In many ways, however, he proved not to be a fitting choice.

The American Association of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (Knights of Malta, SMOM) was founded in 1927. "By 1941 Francis Cardinal Spellman was listed as the 'Grand Protector' and 'Spritual Advisor' of the Order, with John J. Raskob as Treasurer. Members included John Farrell, then President of U.S. Steel, Joseph P. Grace, and John D. Ryan. In 1934 Raskob, inspired by the French fascist Croix de Feu, and working closely with Morgan Bank's John Davis, had been a principal financier in the plot to organize a fascist coup in the U.S. The plan failed when General Smedley Butler, who had been set up to lead the project, denounced it."

His Eminence Cardinal Spellman, "Grand Protector" of the Knights of Malta, worked with Pope Pius XII to help Nazi war criminals escape justice. According to Frederic Laurent (*L'Orchestre Noir. Pairs: Editions Stock, 1978),

All studies [of the post-WWII nazi networks] have shown the
determining role played by the Catholic Church in the
flight of war criminals. Since April 1943, following
negotiations between Pius XII and the ultra reactionary
American archbishop Francis Spellman, the Holy See became
the clandestine center of Anglo-American espionage in
Italy. This collaboration in fact had begun the previous
year... between Earl Brennan, a veteran of the American
State Department and Gian Battista Montini, at the time a
bishop and Under-Secretary of State at the Vatican. This
close collaboration between the future [Pope] Paul VI and
the American secret services continued after the war
through the [CIA] intermediary James Angleton...

Many of the approximately 1,500 Americans who subsequently joined the knighthood also enjoyed the rituals of induction at the local cathedral and the ceremonies in honor of the order's patron, St. John. But for others, SMOM was more than pomp and circumstance-it was a source of money and power.

Among the latter was New York's Cardinal Francis Spellman, at one time the most powerful Catholic churchman in the United States. He became involved with the American branch of SMOM almost from its founding and was the order's official church patron in the United States when he was auxiliary bishop of Boston. After he became archbishop of New York in 1939, he changed his title to "Grand Protector" [apparently to distinguish it from that of King Leopold and Queen Wilhelmina, who were mere "protectors" of the Belgian and Dutch branches of the Knights].

Spellman enjoyed the support of the right wing of the curia, particularly Cardinal Nicola Canali, who dominated Vatican finances, and Canali authorized his monopoly over Knight appointments in the United States. The quid pro quo was that, instead of sending the American Knights' contributions to SMOM headquarters in Rome, Spellman funneled the money into Canali's coffers. When SMOM's grand master demanded an accounting from Spellman, he got no answer. No action was taken against Spellman, however, because at the time the order was fighting for its life against Canali, who wanted to gain control of its wealth.

Spellman's financial contributions to the Vatican, his friendship with Pius XII and his access to U.S. economic and political elites, some of them Knights, gave him immense power, and by World War II he had become the Vatican's go-between with the White House and its proconsul in Latin America.

[Cardinal Spellman did more than any other single person to get the USA to support the Roman Catholic ruling class of Vietnam .... JP]

When Spruille Braden, U.S. ambassador to Colombia during the early 1940s, complained about the anti-American tone of a pastoral letter issued by Colombian Archbishop Ismael Perdomo, Spellman sent a personal emissary to Bogota to lecture Perdomo on the need for cooperation in the war effort. At this meeting, which took place in Braden's presence, the archbishop was instructed to show Braden anything he wrote about the United States before releasing it. Braden was impressed. "It was good theater," he said.

Spellman also played an important role as emissary between the White House and Rome as, for example, in relaying the pope's concern about Allied bombings of Italy. And he encouraged Vatican cooperation with the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the wartime forerunner of the CIA that was headed by his old friend General William ("Wild Bill") Donovan.

Spellman, Francis Cardinal36 SMOM • 9th Bishop, 6th Archbishop, Roman Catholic
Diocese, New York
• D. 1967
• Grand Prior of Sovereign Order of Malta (SMOM)

SPELLMAN FRANCIS CARDINAL
Italy 1948 Guatemala 1952-1954

* Aarons,M. Loftus,J. Unholy Trinity. 1992 (132, 196-7)
* Blum,W. The CIA: A Forgotten History. 1986 (82-3)
* Chester,E. Covert Network. 1995 (147, 162)
* Constantine,A. Psychic Dictatorship in the U.S.A. 1995 (215)
* Cooney,J. The American Pope. 1984
* Corson,W. The Armies of Ignorance. 1977 (301)
* Davis,D. Katharine the Great. 1987 (243-4)
* DiFonzo,L. St.Peter's Banker. 1983 (8 )
* Donner,F. Protectors of Privilege. 1990 (47)
* Gibson,J. The Perfect War: Technowar in Vietnam. 1986 (69)
* Heidenry,J. Theirs Was the Kingdom. 1993 (512)
* Hepburn,J. Farewell America. 1968 (60)
* Hersh,B. The Old Boys. 1992 (344)
* Hinckle,W. If You Have a Lemon, Make Lemonade. 1990 (145-6)
* Kessler,R. The Sins of the Father. 1997 (1, 125-6, 171, 329, 337-8, 358-9)
* Lernoux,P. People of God. 1989 (171, 285-6, 289)
* McCoy,A. The Politics of Heroin in S.E. Asia. 1973 (149)
* Mother Jones 1983-07 (24-5)
* NACLA. Guatemala. 1974 (69)
* Nikitin,V. The Ultras in the USA. 1981 (101)
* Parapolitics/USA 1982-03-31 (33)
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* Ramparts. Vietnam Primer. 1968 (5, 9-10, 16-9)
* Saunders,F. The Cultural Cold War. 2000 (131)
* Schlesinger,S. Kinzer,S. Bitter Fruit. 1983 (155)
* Seldes,G. One Thousand Americans. 1947 (127)
* Shultz,R. The Secret War Against Hanoi. 1999 (16)
* Simpson,C. Blowback. 1988 (91)
* Summers,A. Official and Confidential. 1993 (158, 249, 254-5, 356)
* Swanberg,W.A. Luce and His Empire. 1972 (253, 341, 354)
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pages cited this search: 65

John Jakob Raskob (1879-1950) was a financial executive and businessman for DuPont and General Motors, and the builder of the Empire State Building. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee and a key supporter of Alfred E. Smith's candidacy for President of the United States. After Franklin D. Roosevelt became President, Raskob was a prominent opponent of the New Deal through his support of a number of anti-Roosevelt organizations including the American Liberty League. Raskob was also a leader in the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment.

Career

He was hired in 1901 by Pierre du Pont as a personal secretary. In 1911, he became assistant treasurer of DuPont, in 1914 treasurer, and in 1918 vice-president for finance of both DuPont and General Motors (Raskob had been an early investor in General Motors and had engineered DuPont's ownership of 43% of GM, purchased from the financially troubled William C. Durant.

While with GM, he led the creation of General Motors Acceptance Corporation, the corporation that allowed GM dealers to offer installment credit directly to customers. He also promoted the use of standard financial statistics to measure the performance of different operations within a diversified company, primarily through his associate Donaldson Brown.

Raskob was very bullish in the stock market in the 1920s and wrote an article for Ladies Home Journal entitled "Everybody Ought to be Rich." He suggested that every American could become wealthy by investing $15 per week in common stocks.

Raskob held the head financial job at both GM and DuPont until 1928, when he resigned from GM in a dispute with chairman Alfred P. Sloan. He had supported Democratic presidential candidate Al Smith in the 1928 election, and Smith invited Raskob to become chairman of the Democratic National Committee. Sloan, a supporter of Herbert Hoover, insisted that Raskob resign either from GM or the DNC. Raskob left GM after the board supported Sloan, sold his GM stock, and used the proceeds to build the Empire State Building. Raskob made Smith president of the Empire State Co., that operated the building, based on a promise to do business together the night that Smith lost the presidential election. Raskob served as chairman of the DNC through 1932. He continued to promote the Smith candidacy as Chairman of the DNC, and to advocate for the adoption of an anti-prohibition policy. Both of these positions were opposed by different factions within the Democratic Party, and in 1932, when Franklin D. Roosevelt won the party's nomination, and the election, Raskob withdrew from politics. He was later involved with the American Liberty League, an anti-New Deal organization active around the time of the 1936 election.

Among his long-time achievements, John J. Raskob is well known in the Claymont and Wilmington Delaware areas for building the "Patio" at what is now Archmere Academy in the late 1920s. The Patio was originally his residence, and one of its most significant features is a fountain made of marble, which has each of his 13 children sculpted around the side. Archmere Academy, which has built many buildings since, is now a thriving school, and one of the top high schools in Delaware.

Raskob's business interests from this time were focused on the Empire State Building, but also included extensive precious metal mining interests in Nevada and New Mexico. Raskob remained with DuPont until his retirement from the company in 1946.

Raskob had 13 children, and lost one son, William F. Raskob II, to an auto accident at the age of 20, establishing a charitable foundation in his honor which survives to this day.[1]. In 1921, he was appointed a Knight of St. Gregory by Pope Pius XI, recognizing him for his contributions.[2] After his death, a substantial amount of his wealth went to support the Raskob Foundation for Catholic Activities which had been founded in the mid-1940s, and remains one of the largest family-operating charitable foundations in the U.S.[3] In 2006, RFCA was chaired by William F. Raskob III. John J. Raskob is buried at Cathedral Cemetery in the city of Wilmington, DE.[citations needed]

The treasurer of the SMOM was none other than John J. Raskob, the head of the Democratic National Committee (DNC), who opposed Franklin D. Roosevelt in his campaign to win the Democratic Presidential nomination in 1932, and who in 1934, inspired by the French fascist Croix de Feu, and working closely with Morgan Bank's John Davis, was the principal financier of the fascist coup plot against FDR.

Immensely wealthy American financier gave an interview to Samuel Crowther of the Ladies' Home Journal in which he proposed that everyone invest heavily in the stock market. In fact, he advocated buying stocks on margin:

Suppose a man marries at the age of twenty-three and begins a regular savings of fifteen dollars a month -- and almost anyone who is employed can do that if he tries. If he invests in good common stocks and allows the dividends and rights to accumulate, he will at the end of twenty years have at least eighty thousand dollars[...] I am firm in my belief than anyone not only can be rich but ought to be rich.

Raskob's scenario implies a phenomenal 26% annual yield on the young man's stock investments. As it happens, the article (entitled Everybody Ought to be Rich) arrived at newsstands in August 1929, just two months before the calamitous market crash.

Raskob was among the plotters attempting to depose Franklin D. Roosevelt by force in 1933. Smedley Butler ultimately blew the whistle on the scheme.

Brother: William Frederick Raskob
Wife: Helena Springer Green (12 children)

DuPont (1900-46)
Member of the Board of General Motors (1915-28)
Democratic National Committee Chairman (1931-32)
Democratic National Committee Chairman (1929)
Knights of Malta Treasurer

In 1927, Raskob cofounded the U.S. association of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, a secretive Catholic order, based in Rome, with supposed origins in medieval crusaders who ruled Malta and Rhodes. Considered by some a sovereign state, it has diplomatic relations with 49 countries, its own passports and stamps. U.S. members included John Farrell (U.S. Steel), Joseph Kennedy (JFK’s father), New York’s Cardinal Francis Spellman, and CIA directors William Casey, William Colby and John McCone.

File: Title: Dates: Items
1276 Knights of Malta 1926-1930 50

Publications and press clippings concerning the establishment
of a chapter of the Catholic honorary organization in America,
to be comprised mainly of prominent Catholic businessmen;
arrangements for meetings of American Knights and
correspondence concerning appointments and selections of
members, and congratulatory messages on JJR's appointment.

[...]

2356 Vatican 1927-1950 125

Contents:
Correspondence with Vatican officials, Frank Spellman (see
also file 2152), Giuseppe Pizzardo (file 1836), Edward Hearn
(file 1061) and Ambassador Dwight Morrow (file 1594).
Topics include Vatican financial matters; anticlericalism in
Mexico; JJR's appointments as Knight of Malta and Papal
Chamberlain; JJR's support of Papal charities and causes,
including donation of $43,000 in support of the writing and
publishing of an authoritative history of church doctrine;
arrangements finishing and shipping Cadillac to Mons.
Pizzardo, a gift of JJR; [...]

The American Association of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
(Knights of Malta, SMOM) was founded in 1927. "By 1941 Francis
Cardinal Spellman was listed as the 'Grand Protector' and
'Spritual Advisor' of the Order, with John J. Raskob as
Treasurer. Members included John Farrell, then President of U.S.
Steel, Joseph P. Grace, and John D. Ryan. In 1934 Raskob,
inspired by the French fascist Croix de Feu, and working closely
with Morgan Bank's John Davis, had been a principal financier in
the plot to organize a fascist coup in the U.S. The plan failed
when General Smedley Butler, who had been set up to lead the
project, denounced it."

Using his inherent talent, drive, and devotion to the Association, Cardinal Spellman was able to enlist the aid of some of America’s elite, including: John J. Raskob, chairman of General Motors; John Farrell, then president of U.S. Steel; Joseph P. Grace of W.R. Grace & Co.; Joseph Kennedy, a Boston entrepreneur; George MacDonald of Pennsylvania; and John D. Ryan.

Raskob, John J. SMOM • built Empire State Building • D. 1950

RASKOB JOHN J

* Chernow,R. The House of Morgan. 1990 (302-3, 371-2)
* Colby,G. DuPont Dynasty. 1984 (401-3)
* Cooney,J. The American Pope. 1984 (39-40)
* CounterSpy 1976-SP (22)
* Lernoux,P. People of God. 1989 (284)
* Lundberg,F. The Rich and the Super-Rich. 1969 (81, 204)
* Perloff,J. The Shadows of Power. 1988 (54)
* Seldes,G. One Thousand Americans. 1947 (178, 202, 205, 226-7, 258, 297)
* Vankin,J. Whalen,J. The 60 Greatest Conspiracies. 1998 (236-7)

pages cited this search: 23

Myron Charles Taylor (1874 - 1959) was an American businessman and diplomat.

He served as the CEO and chairman of the United States Steel Corporation between 1932 and 1938. He graduated from Cornell University in 1894 and donated money to build Myron C. Taylor Hall where the Cornell Law School now exists.

In 1938 he represented the United States at the Evian Conference. During World War II he served as an emissary to the Holy See for Presidents Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Harry S Truman.

From 1932 until 1938 Myron Charles Taylor was the Chairman of U. S. Steel. In 1939 he became the U.S. envoy to Pope Pius XII, a post he would maintain until 1950.

[...]
Truman's Vatican envoy Myron C. Taylor received SMOM's Gran Croci Al Merito Con Placca May 23, 1945.

Admitted to the bar in 1895, spent much of his early career in the textile business, operating mills in New England and elsewhere until 1923, at the behest of J.P. Morgan he became a director of United States Steel Corporation, chairman finance committee United States Steel Corporation 1927-1934, chairman United States Steel Corporation 1932-1938, personal representative of the U.S. President to Pope Pius XII 1939-1950, personal representative of the President on Special Missions 1950-1952, member Knights of Malta, member Knight Order of Pius, member Knight Grand Cross of Saints Mauritius and Lazarus. Taylor gave funds to the Episcopal Diocese of New York, director Council on Foreign Relations 1943-1959. In 1939 he became the U.S. envoy to Pope Pius XII, a post he would maintain until 1950.

Members of The Pilgrims have been Ambassadors to Vatican City. Myron C. Taylor, a director of American Telephone & Telegraph and U.S. Steel, was on The Pilgrims executive committee as of 1942, and was Ambassador of Roosevelt and Truman, 1939 through 1950, to His Holiness Pope Pius XII, and a member of the Knights of Malta and a Knight Order of Pius and Knight Grand Cross of Saints Mauritius and Lazarus.

Knights of Malta Myron Taylor was President Roosevelt's envoy and he was also Director of the CIA during the early 60s.

This raises some questions as to what took place following this abortive coup? Did Roosevelt see the "light"? In 1939, he appointed Myron C. Taylor as his special envoy to Pope Pius XII. Although not a Catholic, Mr. Taylor received the Knights of Malta's highest award of honor - the Gran Croci Al Merito Conplacca. Then when a full diplomatic exchange took place between the US and the Vatican, the ambassador appointed by Reagan was a member of the SMOM.

The Pope has attended Bilderberg. Members of The Pilgrims have been
Ambassadors to Vatican City. Myron C. Taylor, a director of American
Telephone & Telegraph and U.S. Steel, was on The Pilgrims executive
committee as of 1942, and was Ambassador of Roosevelt and Truman,
1939 through 1950, to His Holiness Pope Pius XII, and a member of the
Knights of Malta and a Knight Order of Pius and Knight Grand Cross of
Saints Mauritius and Lazarus. Taylor gave funds to the Episcopal Diocese
of New York. Some Jesuits are on the regional Rhodes Scholarship
selection committees in America, very significant in view of Rhodes
admiration for their organizational structure. Can they be Papal loyalists
and at the same time operatives of the British Empire? Are there double
agents at work? The former head of the Knights of Malta, the Sovereign
Military Order of Malta (founded---1530), a reference to the Crusades,
was J. Peter Grace of chemical giant W.R. Grace & Company, and
Citibank director (below)---

THE PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE OF THE
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
TO HIS HOLINESS THE POPE

Rome, September 26, 1944.

Dear Mr. President:


I am transmitting herewith copy of a letter dated
September 23, 1944 which I have today received from the
Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta,
enclosing a check for five hundred thousand lire as an
initial contribution to the cause of national relief in
Italy.


I would like to call your special attention to the
paragraph referring to the most helpful assistance given
by the Civilian War Relief of the American Red Cross to
the Sovereign Military Order of Malta during the period
before the entry of the allied troops in Rome.
I am sending copy of this document also to the head-
quarters of the American Red Cross in Washington for its
information.

With kind regards, believe me

Sinerely yours,

{MYRON C. TAYLOR}

Enclosure.

The President,

The White House

Washington.

TAYLOR MYRON CHARLES
Italy 1940-1946

* Aarons,M. Loftus,J. Unholy Trinity. 1992 (40)
* Chernow,R. The House of Morgan. 1990 (371, 409, 455)
* Cooney,J. The American Pope. 1984 (114-7, 122-3, 158, 161, 212-3)
* Council on Foreign Relations. Annual Report. 1988 (164)
* Covert Action Information Bulletin 1986-#25 (30-2)
* Domhoff,G.W. Who Rules America? 1967 (72)
* Kessler,R. The Sins of the Father. 1997 (126)
* Lernoux,P. People of God. 1989 (288)
* Loftus,J. Aarons,M. The Secret War Against the Jews. 1994 (94-6, 115)
* Martin,D. Wilderness of Mirrors. 1981 (24)
* Perloff,J. The Shadows of Power. 1988 (71)
* Seldes,G. One Thousand Americans. 1947 (258)
* Shoup,L. Minter,W. Imperial Brain Trust. 1977 (106, 150-2, 301)
* Swanberg,W.A. Luce and His Empire. 1972 (81)

pages cited this search: 34

By Timothy S. Cooper
Private Investigator - Copyright 2000
3-4-00

James Jesus Angleton was born on 9 December, 1917, in Boise, Idaho, to NCR businessman and OSS Colonel James Hugh Angleton, and Mexican born Carmen Mercedes Moreno. Upon Graduation from Yale in 1941, Angleton moved to Harvard Law School where he met his future wife Cicely d'Autremont of Duluth, Minnesota. Inducted into the Army on 19 March, 1943, Angleton was recruited into the OSS in August through the efforts of Angleton's father and Norman Pearson, his old English professor from Yale who was, at that time, head of the OSS Counter Intelligence division in London.(1)

ANGLETON AS CI AGENT IN OSS X-2 OPERATIONS DURING WW II

James Angleton was assigned the Rome desk after Italy's capitulation to the Allies and was made a OSS Lieutenant who ran CI activities that included such countries as Austria, Germany, Spain, the Mediterranean, and Switzerland. As part of OSS operations in the European Theatre of Operations, Angleton mastered the arts of "black" propaganda and "playback" that is, the method of reading the effectiveness of one's own disinformation on the enemy. In 1944, Angleton was given charge of the OSS Special Counterintelligence Unit Z made up of U.S. and British agents and was the youngest member of X-2 and was the only American member that was allowed access to the top secret British ULTRA code breaking intelligence. After the war, Angleton was promoted to captain and received the Legion of Merit from the U.S. Army which cited him for successfully apprehending over a thousand enemy intelligence agents. He was also decorated by the Italian government and was awarded the Order of the Crown of Italy, the Order of Malta-Cross of Malta, and the Italian War Cross for Merit. In October 1945, President Truman dissolved the OSS and had all research and analysis units moved to the State Department and operational units to the War Department and were re-designated as Strategic Services Unit. Angleton stayed on in the SSU in Rome and became the vital station chief in charge of the 2677 Regiment which made Angleton the senior U.S. intelligence officer Italy until it became the Central Intelligence Group, forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency.(2)

Licio Gelli (born in Pistoia, Tuscany, April 21, 1919) is an Italian financier, chiefly known for his role in the Banco Ambrosiano scandal. He was revealed in 1981 as being the Worshipful Master of the clandestine Masonic lodge Propaganda Due (P2).

A Fascist volunteer

During the 1930s, Licio Gelli volunteered for the "Black Shirt" expeditionary forces sent by Mussolini to Spain in support to Francisco Franco[1], and subsequently became a liaison officer between the Italian blackshirt government and the Third Reich, with contacts including Hermann Göring. He participated in the Italian Social Republic with Giorgio Almirante, founder of the neofascist Italian Social Movement (MSI).[2][3].

After a sales job with the Italian mattress factory Permaflex, Gelli founded his own textile and importing company.[1][3]

After World War II

Gelli collaborated with American and English intelligence agencies after World War II. Gelli also joined the neofascist MSI, which gave him parliamentary immunity. In 1970, he was to arrest the President during the failed Golpe Borghese.[citation needed] As headmaster of Propaganda Due (P2) masonesque lodge, Gelli had ties with very high level personalities in Italy and abroad, in particular in Argentina. The Argentine Chancellor Alberto Vignes drafted with Juan Perón, who had returned from exile in 1973, a decree granting to Gelli the Gran Cruz de la Orden del Libertador in August 1974, as well as the honorary office of economic counsellor in the embassy of Argentina in Italy [4]. According to a letter sent by Gelli to César de la Vega, a P2 member and Argentine ambassador to the UNESCO, Gelli commissioned P2 member Federico Carlos Barttfeld to be transferred from the consulate of Hamburg to the Argentine embassy in Rome [4]. Licio Gelli was also named plenipotentiary minister for cultural affairs in the Argentine embassy in Italy, thus providing him with diplomatic immunity [4]. He had four diplomatic passports issued by Argentina, and has been charged in Argentina of falsification of official documents [4].

As headmaster of Propaganda Due, Gelli allegedly assumed a major role in Gladio's "strategy of tension" in Italy, starting with the 1969 Piazza Fontana bombing. Gladio was a clandestine "stay-behind" operation sponsored by the CIA and NATO to counter communist influence in Western European countries, which has been involved in terrorist false flags operations in Italy.[5][6][7][8]

In 1990, a report on RAI Television alleged that the CIA had paid Licio Gelli to foment terrorist activities in Italy [9]. Following this report, which also claimed that the CIA had been involved in the assassination of the Swedish Prime minister Olaf Palme, then President Francesco Cossiga requested the opening of investigations, while the CIA itself officially denied these allegations [10] Critics have dismissed the RAI report as a fraud because of the inclusion of testimonies from controversial Richard Brenneke, who had claimed to be a former CIA agent and made several declarations concerning the October surprise conspiracy. Brenneke's background was also investigated by a U.S. Senate subcommittee, which dismissed Brenneke's claims of CIA employment.[11]

The Gladio affair has been treated by the courts as having no sensible connection with the P2 affair.

FRATERNAL BONDS
Two ancient, mysterious, international fraternities kept the loosely-linked Gladio programs from flying apart. The Knights of Malta played a formative role after the war (see box), but the order of Freemasonry and its most notorious lodge in Italy, known as Propaganda Due (pronounced ''doo-ay'' ), or P-2, was far more influential.

In the late 1960s, its "Most Venerable Master'' was Licio Gelli, a Knight of Malta who fought for Franco with Mussolini's Black Shirts. At the end of World War II, Gelli faced execution by Italian partisans for his Nazi collaboration, but escaped by joining the US Army Counter Intelligence Corps. 23 In the 1950s, he was recruited by SIFAR.

After some years of self-imposed exile in Argentine fascist circles,24 he saw his calling in Italy as a Mason. Quickly rising to its top post, he began fraternizing in 1969 with Gen. Alexander Haig, then assistant to Henry Kissinger, President Nixon's national security chief. Gelli became the main intermediary between the CIA and SID's De Lorenzo, also a Mason and Knight. Gelli's first order from the White House was reportedly to recruit 400 more top Italian and NATO officials. 25

To help ferret out dissidents, Gelli and De Lorenzo began compiling personal dossiers on thousands of people, including legislators and clerics. 26 Within a few years, scandal erupted when an inquiry found 157,000 such files in SID, all available to the Ministers of Defense and Interior. 27 Parliament ordered 34,000 files burned, but by then the CIA had obtained duplicates for its archives. 28

It is known that P2's former Grand Master Licio Gelli is also a Knight of Malta, as are most of Gelli's inner circle within this neo-fascist Masonic lodge, which has members and affiliated lodges throughout the world, particulary in Europe and South America. And P2 are intrinsically linked at the highest level to the mysterious Priory of Sion; the "I'm a Dragon but still a Catholic" secret fraternity sworn to protect the Dragon/Grail heritage, and restore and expand the Holy Roman Empire in any capacity.

Gelli, like Sindona, enjoyed unprecedented access to the Vatican thanks to his close friendship with Cardinal Paolo Bertoli of the Holy See's Diplomatic Corps. Bertoli is known to have introduced Gelli to Paul Marcinkus. Another close associate and member of this "Gang of Four" was Umberrto Ortolani, a former OVRA Intelligence Officer and co-patron for Calvi while he was moving up in the Banco Ambrosiano. Ortolani was also tied to a secretive Roman Catholic order known as the Knights of Malta, and was elevated by Pope Paul VI to the status of "Gentleman of his Holiness." He also sponsored Liccio Gelli for membership in the Knights of Malta.

London Dinner for Joseph Kennedy - Joseph P. Kennedy (center), U.S. Ambassador to England, surrounded by some of the prominent Britishers, including royalty, who attended the dinner given in honor of Ambassador Kennedy, the the Pilgrims Society of London. Left to right are; Walter Elliot; Lord Halifax, the British Foreign Secretary; Mr. Kennedy; The Duke of Kent, Brother of King George VI; and Lord Derby, who presided. c. 1937-40

Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy, Sr. (September 6, 1888 – November 18, 1969) was a prominent United States businessman and political figure, and the father of President John F. Kennedy and Senators Robert F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy. He was a leading member of the Democratic Party and of the Irish Catholic community. He served briefly as the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom at the start of World War II. His term as Ambassador and his political ambitions ended abruptly during the height of the Battle of Britain in November 1940, with the publishing of his disastrous remarks that "Democracy is finished...". With nationwide business interests and political connections, Kennedy worked behind the scenes his last decades to continue building both the financial and political fortunes of the Kennedy family while furthering his own political ambitions through his sons.

Using his inherent talent, drive, and devotion to the Association, Cardinal Spellman was able to enlist the aid of some of America’s elite, including: John J. Raskob, chairman of General Motors; John Farrell, then president of U.S. Steel; Joseph P. Grace of W.R. Grace & Co.; Joseph Kennedy, a Boston entrepreneur; George MacDonald of Pennsylvania; and John D. Ryan.

Kennedy, Joseph SMOM • Patriarch of the Kennedy Clan
• said to have made his fortune through smuggling
activities

KENNEDY JOSEPH PATRICK
Britain 1938-1940

* Anderson,J. Peace, War, and Politics. 1999 (102, 113)
* Blumenthal,S. Rise of the Counter-Establishment. 1988 (61)
* Bradlee,B. A Good Life. 1995 (245-6)
* Chernow,R. The House of Morgan. 1990 (259, 307, 379, 390, 439-40)
* Chester,E. Covert Network. 1995 (162)
* Cooney,J. The American Pope. 1984 (61-2, 74-5, 100-1, 223, 242, 265-6)
* Corson,W. The Armies of Ignorance. 1977 (372)
* Covert Action Information Bulletin 1986-#25 (34)
* Davis,D. Katharine the Great. 1987 (98, 244)
* Davis,J. Mafia Dynasty. 1993 (340)
* Davis,J. Mafia Kingfish. 1989 (41, 308)
* Denton,S. Morris,R. The Money and the Power. 2001 (22-3, 173, 182-9, 221-3)
* Drosnin,M. Citizen Hughes. 1985 (255-7)
* Dye,T. Who's Running America? 1983 (81-2)
* EIR. Dope, Inc. 1992 (134, 137, 443-7)
* Giancana,S.& C. Double Cross. 1992 (17, 72, 75, 87, 226-31, 247-8, 267-70, 274, 276, 279-80)
* Heidenry,J. Theirs Was the Kingdom. 1993 (285-6)
* Hepburn,J. Farewell America. 1968 (31-2, 34)
* Hersh,B. The Old Boys. 1992 (426)
* Hersh,S. The Dark Side of Camelot. 1997 (4, 15-7, 27, 37-91, 100-1, 131, 134-8, 147-54, 197-8)
* Higham,C. American Swastika. 1985 (26-34)
* Higham,C. Trading with the Enemy. 1984 (57, 189-91)
* Hinckle,W. If You Have a Lemon, Make Lemonade. 1990 (60-1)
* Hinckle,W. Turner,W. The Fish is Red. 1981 (97)
* Kessler,R. The Sins of the Father. 1997
* Lasky,V. It Didn't Start With Watergate. 1978 (34, 58, 158-60, 165-6)
* Lernoux,P. People of God. 1989 (284-5, 287)
* Lisee,J. In the Eye of the Eagle. 1990 (18)
* Loftus,J. Aarons,M. The Secret War Against the Jews. 1994 (77, 256)
* Lundberg,F. The Rich and the Super-Rich. 1969 (40, 58, 111, 809, 882)
* Maheu,R. Next to Hughes. 1993 (47)
* Marrs,J. Crossfire. 1990 (2, 158, 175)
* McCann,T. An American Company. 1976 (38)
* Moldea,D. Dark Victory. 1987 (26)
* Moldea,D. Interference. 1989 (85, 110)
* Morris,R. Partners in Power. 1996 (292-3)
* Morrow,R. First Hand Knowledge. 1992 (149-50)
* National Reporter 1986-W (57, 59)
* Oglesby,C. The Yankee and Cowboy War. 1976 (29)
* Parapolitics/USA 1982-03-31 (33)
* Perloff,J. The Shadows of Power. 1988 (57)
* Persico,J. Casey. 1991 (153)
* Piper,M.C. Final Judgment. 1993 (25-32, 37)
* Pool,J. Hitler and His Secret Partners. 1997 (xii, 216-24)
* Progressive 1998-10 (37)
* Ragano,F. Raab,S. Mob Lawyer. 1994 (135, 358)
* Ramparts. Vietnam Primer. 1968 (17-8)
* Riebling,M. Wedge. 1994 (141)
* Scheim,D. Contract on America. 1988 (62)
* Scott,P.D. Deep Politics. 1993 (211)
* Shultz,R. The Secret War Against Hanoi. 1999 (16)
* Smith,B. The Shadow Warriors. 1983 (28, 34)
* Sullivan,W. The Bureau. 1982 (48)
* Summers,A. Official and Confidential. 1993 (260-2, 268-9, 282-3, 287)
* Swanberg,W.A. Luce and His Empire. 1972 (154, 173, 187, 343, 410)
* Tarpley,W.G. Chaitkin,A. George Bush. 1992 (140)
* Thomas,E. The Man to See. 1991 (163)
* Thomas,K. Popular Alienation: A Steamshovel Press Reader. 1995 (60)
* Turner,W. Rearview Mirror. 2001 (200)
* Vise,D. Coll,S. Eagle on the Street. 1991 (10)
* Wallace,M. The American Axis. 2003 (161-2, 167-9, 177, 179)
* Who's Who in America. 1962-1963
* Wise,D. Ross,T. The Invisible Government. 1974 (187)
* Yakovlev,N. Washington Silhouettes. 1985 (170, 213)

pages cited this search: 272

Six months before the war broke out in Europe, Joseph J. Larkin brought off his most audacious scheme in the Nazi interest, acting in collusion with the Schroder Bank. Aldrich and the Schroders secured no less than $25 million American for the use of Germany's expanding war economy and accompanied it with a detailed record (supplied direct to the Chase Bank in Berlin for forwarding to the Nazi government) of the assets and background of ten thousand Nazi sympathizers in the United States. The negotiations were engineered with the help of Dr. Walther Funk and Emil Puhl.

In essence, the Nazi government through the Chase National Bank offered Nazis in America the opportunity to buy marks with dollars at a discount. The arrangement was open only to those who wished to return to Germany and would use the marks in the interest of the Nazis. Before any transaction could be made, such persons had to convince the Nazi embassy in Washington that they were bona fide supporters of German policy. They were told in pamphlets sent out by the Chase National Bank in Manhattan that Germany could offer glorious opportunities to them and that marks would provide a hedge against inflation and would have much increased value after victory b in the expected war.

The 1941 list also included Joseph J. Larkin. According to Charles Higham's Trading With the Enemy (see review in this issue),

Joseph J. Larkin . . . [vice-president of Chase Manhattan Bank in charge of European affairs] kept the Chase Bank open ....... in Nazi-occupied Paris throughout World War II. .... [He] had received the Order of the Grand Cross of the Knights of Malta from Pope Pius XI in 1928. He was an ardent supporter of General Franco and, by extension, Hitler. Morgenthau first suspected him as a fascist sympathizer in Octoher 1936. ..... With the encouragement of Schacht, Larkin took on the Franco account and the Reichsbank account, though the Reichsbank was under the personal control of Hitler. ..... 7

Flashing back on the fact that Standard Oil VP Joseph J. Larkin was made a Knight of Malta in 1928. This might seem nothing until one realizes, as H.R.J. Hine is noting in The Knights of Malta, that the Fascist government of Italy "set about restoring the city of the knights in Rhodes, the undertaking was celebrated by an international assembly of the knights in 1928...(Hine 255)." That book also shows me the exact appearance, via a photograph on page 270, of what one of those medallions, conceived of innocently enough in the 1700s-and usually used with total goodwill and innocence--actually was. It bears an uncanny resemblance to the Nazi Iron Cross. Photographs sprinkled throughout the text of the Maltese Cross in various formats --on flags and medallions--also reveal its closeness to the grim Nazi-allied Ustashi of Yugoslavia's flag. (It should be noted that the Knights of Malta, as an organization, was opposed to Fascism, but there were indivduals from that humanitarian organization who were clearly used by Allen Dulles for his Spring/Summer 1944 illegal negotiations with the Axis reported on by Loftus and Aarons.)

In charge of European affairs for Chase was Joseph Larkin, a member of the Knights of Malta and a fascist sympathizer. (An abnormal number of Nazi and their supporters were members of the Knights of Malta.) Larkin, like McKittrick has a long history of aiding the Nazis. Perhaps the first example of Larkin aiding the fascist was in 1936, when he refused a $4 million account for the Loyalist of Spain. When a similar account was opened in the Paris branch, he had the Paris branch withdraw the deposit. However, Larkin gladly accepted accounts by Franco and the Riechsbank.

LARKIN JOSEPH J

* Covert Action Information Bulletin 1986-#25 (30)
* Higham,C. Trading with the Enemy. 1984 (41-52)

pages cited this search: 13

William Joseph Casey (March 13, 1913 – May 6, 1987) was the Director of Central Intelligence from 1981 to 1987. In this capacity he oversaw the entire US Intelligence Community and personally directed the Central Intelligence Agency.

Biography

A native of Queens, New York, Casey graduated from Fordham University in 1934 and earned a law degree from St. John's University School of Law in 1937. During World War II, he worked for the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) � the predecessor to the CIA � and was awarded the Bronze Star Medal for meritorious achievement. After practicing corporate law in New York, he served in the Nixon Administration as the chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission from 1971 to 1973[1]; this position led to his being called as a prosecution witness against former Attorney General John N. Mitchell and former Commerce Secretary Maurice Stans in an influence-peddling case stemming from international financier Robert Vesco's $200,000 contribution to the Nixon reelection campaign.[2]

Director of Central Intelligence Agency

Main article: Operation Cyclone

Casey headed up the successful presidential campaign of Ronald Reagan in 1980, and served on the transition team following the election. After Reagan took office, he named Casey to the post of Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.[3] During his tenure at the CIA, Casey played a large part in the shaping of Reagan's foreign policy, particularly its approach to Soviet international activity. Based on a book, The Terror Network, Casey believed that the Soviet Union was the source of most terrorist activity in the world, in spite of C.I.A. analysts providing evidence that this was in fact black propaganda by the CIA itself. Casey obtained a report from a professor that agreed with his view, which convinced Ronald Reagan that there was a threat.[4]

Casey oversaw the re-expansion of the Intelligence Community, in particular the CIA, to funding and human resource levels greater than those before resource cuts during the Carter Administration. During his tenure restrictions were lifted on the use of the CIA to directly, covertly influence the internal and foreign affairs of countries relevant to American policy.

This period of the Cold War saw an increase of the Agency's anti-Soviet activities around the world.

Notably he oversaw covert assistance to the mujahadeen resistance in Afghanistan, with a budget of over $1 billion by working closely with Akhtar Abdur Rahman (the Director General of ISI in Pakistan), the Solidarity movement in Poland, and a number of coups and attempted coups in South- and Central America.

According to a 600-page report by the CIA inspector general, Frederick Hintz, the CIA under Casey was complicit in the Contras' massive narco-trafficking operation which resulted in the crack epidemic.[5]

Casey was also the principal architect of the arms-for-hostages deal that became known as the Iran-Contra affair.

Hours before Casey was scheduled to testify before Congress about his knowledge of Iran-Contra, he was reported to have been rendered incapable of speech, and was later hospitalized. In his 1987 book, Veil: The Secret Wars of the CIA 1981-1987, Washington Post reporter Bob Woodward, who had interviewed Casey on numerous occasions, said that he had gained entry to Casey's hospital room for a final, four-minute long encounter � a claim that was met with disbelief in many quarters, and adamant denial by Casey's wife, Sofia. According to Woodward, when he asked Casey if he knew about the diversion of funds to the Nicaraguan Contras, "His head jerked up hard. He stared, and finally nodded yes."[6]

After the appointment of Knight of Malta William Casey as head of the Central Intelligence Agency, and another Knight, James Buckley, as head ot U.S. propaganda against Eastern Europe at Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, several historians noted with interest President Reagan's call during the summer of 1982 for a "crusade" against the "Evil Empire" in Eastern Europe.

Malta knighthoods are awarded to many leading individuals who are part of the military and intelligence community. The CIA's Bill Casey, for example, was a Knight of Malta.

Laghi was also papal envoy to Washington after Ronald Reagan became president. He acted as the pope’s discreet troubleshooter, based upon his service in Argentina, Nicaragua, and Palestine. In Washington, Laghi’s work was easier because he had the collaboration of ardent right-wing Catholics who were in strategic and sensitive positions within the Reagan administration. For example, CIA Director William Casey was a member of the elite and highly secret Knights of Malta, which pledges allegiance to the pope. Before Reagan nominated him to the CIA post, Casey was part of a small group that chose key Reagan officials, including cabinet heads, according to Penny Lernoux in her book, The People of God: The Struggle for World Catholicism.

Lido Anthony "Lee" Iacocca (born October 15, 1924) is an American industrialist most commonly known for his revival of the Chrysler brand in the 1980s when he was the CEO. Among the most widely recognized businessmen in the world, he was a passionate advocate of U.S. business exports during the 1980s. He is the author or co-author of several books, including Iacocca: An Autobiography (with William Novak), and Where have all the Leaders Gone?

Ford

Iacocca joined Ford in the early 1950s and after a brief stint on engineering, he quickly asked to be moved to sales and marketing where his career flourished. While working in a local district for sales, Iacocca gained national recognition in 1956 with his "56 for 56" campaign, offering $56 monthly payment loans for 1956 model year cars. His campaign went national and Iacocca was called to Dearborn where he quickly moved through the ranks to become President of the Ford Division on his 40th birthday, October 15, 1964.

Iacocca was involved with the design of several successful Ford automobiles, most notably the Ford Mustang. Also, he was responsible for the Lincoln Continental Mark III, the Ford Fiesta and the revival of the Mercury brand in the late 1960's, including the introduction of the Mercury Cougar and Mercury Marquis. He was also the "moving force," as one court put it, behind the notorious Ford Pinto [1]. He promoted other ideas which did not reach the marketplace as Ford products. These included cars ultimately introduced by Chrysler- the K car and the minivan. Eventually, he became the president of the Ford Motor Company, but he clashed with Henry Ford II and ultimately, in 1978, he was fired by Henry II, despite Ford posting a $2 billion profit for the year.

Lido Anthony "Lee" Iacocca (born October 15, 1924) is an American industrialist most commonly known for his revival of the Chrysler brand in the 1980s when he was the CEO. Among the most widely recognized businessmen in the world, he was a passionate advocate of U.S. business exports during the 1980s. He is the author or co-author of several books, including Iacocca: An Autobiography (with William Novak), and Where have all the Leaders Gone?

Prominent knights dot the business and political landscapes. Lee A. Iacocca, a knight for decades, is part of a bid by investor Kirk Kerkorian to take over Chrysler Corp., whose directors include at least one other knight--former Health, Education & Welfare Secretary Joseph A. Califano.
[...]
In the New World, though, the rules for admission are somewhat relaxed by necessity. Still, being inducted is a big deal.``You're joining select company,'' says Iacocca.

Iacocca, Lee SMOM, BWC • chairman, Lee Iacocca & Associates, Inc.
• former chairman, Chrysler Corporation

La Orden de Malta esta formada por 11.000 caballeros y damas entre lo más escogido de la nobleza, pero también está abierta a la sociedad civil. (The Order of Malta is formed by 11,000 Knights and Dames and derives its membership from among the nobility, but is also accessible to the civil community.) [...]
En el mundo, los empresarios Lee lacocca (Chrysler), Barron Hilton (Hoteles Hilton), el ex presidente francés Valèry Giscard D'Estaing, Prescott Bush (tío del actual presidente de EE.UU.) o Alexander Haig (secretario deEstado con Ronald Reagan) son otros hospitalarios destacados. (In the world, Lee Iacocca [...] are other notable Hospitalers.)

IACOCCA LEE A

* Allen,M.P. The Founding Fortunes. 1989 (112)
* Barnet,R. Mueller,R. Global Reach. 1974 (110)
* Birnbaum,J. The Lobbyists. 1992 (198)
* Blumenthal,S. Rise of the Counter-Establishment. 1988 (73)
* Business Week. CEOs of 1000 Top Companies. 1991-11-25 (189)
* Choate,P. Agents of Influence. 1991 (207)
* Dealy,F. The Power and the Money. 1993 (150, 154)
* Dye,T. Who's Running America? 1983 (48)
* Goodwin,J. Brotherhood of Arms. 1985 (238-44, 262-4)
* Greider,W. Who Will Tell the People. 1993 (111-2)
* Lernoux,P. People of God. 1989 (301)
* Lewis,C. Allison,B. The Cheating of America. 2001 (58, 80)
* MacArthur,J. The Selling of Free Trade. 2000 (171, 190-1, 202-12, 221-6, 303-4)
* Micklethwait,J. Wooldridge,A. The Witch Doctors. 1996 (47, 166-7)
* Mother Jones 1983-07 (23)
* Nader,R. Taylor,W. The Big Boys. 1986 (87, 103, 235, 413-4)
* New York Times 2003-01-08 (C2)
* Newsweek 1996-02-26 (47)
* Parapolitics/USA 1982-03-31 (33)
* Resource Center. GroupWatch 1991-SMOM (1)
* Sklar,H. Washington's War on Nicaragua. 1988 (240)
* Soley,L. Leasing the Ivory Tower. 1995 (96-7)
* Stein,B. A License to Steal. 1992 (83)
* Swanberg,W.A. Luce and His Empire. 1972 (455)
* Thomas,E. The Man to See. 1991 (271, 382)
* Wallace,M. The American Axis. 2003 (339)
* Washington Post Magazine 1992-04-05 (12)
* Washington Post 1992-01-07 (A13)

pages cited this search: 69

Francis X. Stankard has been a Director of LXE Inc. since 1991. Mr. Stankard serves as Vice Chairman, American Express Bank, Ltd., a subsidiary of American Express Co. engaged in international banking operations in 40 countries around the world since 1994. Mr. Stankard had served as Chairman, FXS, Inc., a consulting firm for international financial matters from 1991 to 1994. Previously, Mr. Stankard was Chair- man of the Chase Manhattan Overseas Banking Corporation ... from 1987 to 1992. From 1975 until his retirement in 1991, Mr. Stankard was an Executive Vice President of The Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A.

Francis X. Stankard, Knight of SMOM and Chief Executive Officer of the International Division of Chase Manhattan Bank has led "Evenings of Conversation'' at the Opus Dei Headquarters at the Riverside Study Center, 330 Riverside Drive, New York City. Other SMOMs at these sessions included William Simon and Frank Shakespeare (now Ambassador to Portugal), both of whom are Trustees of the Heritage Foundation, of which Shakespeare was Chairman of the Board. Evenings of Conversation, a pamphlet distributed in 1984 by Riverside Study Center.

Opus Dei also controls a wide range of media assets (600 newspapers, 52 radio and TV stations, 12 film companies and 38 news agencies) and sponsors educational and social programs in various countries. These efforts have been endorsed by members of the American section of the SMOM such as William Simon (Citicorp) and Francis X. Stankard (Chase Manhattan Bank), who have spoken at Opus Dei seminars and other functions of the group.

A partial list of the Knights and Dames of Malta reads like a Who’s Who of American Catholicism:[...]
Francis X Stankard
- CEO of the international division of Chase Manhattan Bank, a Rockefeller institution. (Nelson Rockefeller was also a major CIA figure.)

STANKARD FRANCIS X

* Council on Foreign Relations. Membership Roster. 1997
* Covert Action Information Bulletin 1986-#25 (37)
* Lernoux,P. People of God. 1989 (301)
* Mother Jones 1983-07 (36)
* Resource Center. GroupWatch 1991-SMOM (1)

pages cited this search: 5

James Augustine Farrell (1863-1943) was President of US Steel from 1911 to 1932. A major business figure of his era, Farrell expanded US Steel by a factor of five during his Presidency, turning it into America's first billion-dollar company. Farrell was also a champion and early pioneer of export markets, who massively expanded US steel exports to the world with the help of the shipping subsidiary he founded, the Isthmian Steamship Company.

President of US Steel

Cognizant of his obvious talents, the board of US Steel appointed Farrell President of the company in 1911, a position he would be destined to hold for another 22 years until his retirement at the age of 70 in 1932. During his time at the helm, Farrell presided over a fivefold expansion of US Steel, turning it into America's first billion dollar company and the US steel industry's number one player by the mid-1920s. The scale of his achievement can be measured by the fact that in the 74 years since his retirement, US Steel has not significantly increased its share of the US steel industry.

Bio:
While head of United States Steel, Farrell increased the steel output of the company from 6 million tons to 29 million tons. Upon his retirement, United States Steel owned over 1 million acres of coal and coke properties, 25 railroad lines with nearly 3,000 miles of track, and 700 sailing vessels. In 1931, Farrell oversaw gross sales of $730 million and over 53,000 full-time and 150,000 part-time employees.

While Germany's bankers were collectively responsible for the financing of Hitler's war effort, the dean of them all is Herman Josef Abs. Money was his life, and his astuteness in banking and international financial manipulations enabled Deutsche Bank to serve as leader in fueling the ambitions and accomplishments of Adolf Hitler and Martin Bormann. His dominance was retained when the Federal Republic of Germany picked itself up from the ashes; he was still there as chairman of Deutsche Bank, director of I.G Farben, and of such others as Daimler-Benz and the giant electrical conglomerate, Siemans. Abs became a financial advisor to the first West German chancellor, Konrad Adenauer, and was a welcome visitor in the Federal Chancellery under Mr. Adenauer's successors, Ludwig Erhard and Kurt George Keisinger ...

... (Bormann's) friendship with Dr. Herman Josef Abs predated Abs's move into the management of Deutsche Bank. Dr. Abs had been a partner in the prestigious private bank of Delbruck, Schickler & Co. in Berlin. Recalling those days, Abs has written:

'The Reich Chancellery in Berlin was its largest account, and it was through this account that Adolf Hitler received his salary as Chancellor of the Reich.'

... Reichsleiter Bormann knew that his relationship with Abs would tighten as his own power grew ... He knew in 1943 that with his Nazi banking committee well established, he had the means to ... set new Nazi state policy when the time was ripe for the general transfer of capital, gold, stocks, and bearer bonds to safety in neutral nations.

Ibid, p 87

History has largely ignored bankers in favor of other subjects. History, and those who write it (and their masters) apparently want us to think politicians and generals are more important to the state. Bankers, of course, feel differently. They tend, and not with out reason, to be as furtive as much as possible. While we are cheering the politicians and saluting the generals, we are not noticing the bankers, who are picking our pockets. This suits the bankers' ends, thus history slants their relative importance.

Baron Kurt von Schroeder, a well-known banker ... and economic advisor to Bormann's economic committee, commented that Dr. Herman Josef Abs, chairman of Deutsche Bank, was particularly important to the government of the Third Reich.

His influence was mainly with the Reichsbank and with the Ministry of Economics. Abs proved very valuable to the party and to the government by using his bank to assist the government in doing business in the occupied countries and other foreign countries. Abs enjoyed excellent relations with Walther Funk, who was both president of the Reichsbank and head of the Ministry of Economics ...

... Branch managers of Deutsche Bank were to a man members of the party ...

Ibid., p 69

This is the same Hermann Abs who was chosen by Pope John Paul II to oversee the reorganization of the Vatican Bank when it was caught red-handed laundering counterfeit securities and heroin profits for the Gambino crime family.

Another prominent and decorated member of the Knights of Malta was a man known as "Hitler's paymaster" -- Herman Abs. Abs was chair of the Deutsche Bank from 1940 to 1945. He was also a board member of the notorious I.G. Farben Co. His role was well known to the Nuremberg Tribunal and every book on the Third Reich discusses his role. Abs was convicted of war crimes in absentia in Yugoslavia. Nevertheless, after the war Abs retained his top banking position and reorganized German finances in the interests of U.S. financial domination.

Thomas Bolan was a top lawyer whose impressive list of friends included President Ronald Reagan. Fortune Magazine described Bolan, as "a fervent establishment Catholic whose entry in Who's Who runs four inches long, is a former bank chairman, prosecutor (specializing in fraud), and law partner of the late Communist baiter Roy Cohn. Bolan was also a founder of New York's Conservative Party."

In addition to those listed in the article, the following are some other Knights of SMOM of interest:[...]
Thomas Bolan: law partner of Roy Cohn. Bolan is also Counsel to the Human Life Foundation of which former CIA officer and Managing Editor of National Review, Priscilla Buckley (William's sister) is a Director.

Reagan appointed another knight, Tom Bolan, to greet Pope John Paul II when he stopped off in Alaska after visiting the Philippines in 1981. Bolan, a top advisor to Senator Alfonse D'Amato [R-N.Y.], is a partner in Saxe, Bacon and Bolan, the law firm of Roy Cohen (Senator Joseph McCarthy's henchman during the witch-hunts of the 1950s).

WHO'S WHO ? - KNIGHTS OF MALTA KNOW
[...]
Thomas Bolan, a partner in Saxe, Bacon and Bolan, the law firm of Senator McCarthy's deceased aide Roy Cohn. Among the firm's clients is the New York archdiocese. Bolan was chosen by Reagan to greet the pope on behalf of the U.S. government when John Paul stopped in Alaska en route from the Philippines.

A partial list of the Knights and Dames of Malta reads like a Who’s Who of American Catholicism:[...]
Thomas Bolan – Of Saxe, Bacon and Bolan, the law firm of Senator McCarthy's deceased aide Roy Cohn.

Bolan, Tom SMOM • top advisor to Senator Alfonse D’Amato (R-NY)
• partner in Saxe, Bacon and Bolan

BOLAN THOMAS A

* Council for National Policy. Mailing List. 1984
* Covert Action Information Bulletin 1986-#25 (38)
* Lernoux,P. People of God. 1989 (300)
* Parapolitics/USA 1982-03-31 (33)
* Washington City Paper 1993-06-11 (33)

pages cited this search: 5

United States Ambassador to the Vatican, Frank Shakespeare, in Madison

Patrick Frawley Jr., 75, Ex-Owner of Schick

By ROBERT MCG. THOMAS JR.
Published: November 9, 1998

Patrick J. Frawley Jr., a high school dropout who made millions of dollars in business, gave millions to conservative causes and candidates, then made it his business and his life's work to combat alcohol and drug addiction, died on Tuesday at a hospital in Santa Monica, Calif. He was 75 and lived in Agoura, Calif.

His family said he died during surgery for lung cancer.

For Mr. Frawley, an independent-minded entrepreneur who tended to see opportunities where others saw obstacles, the road to riches was paved with ball-point pens that would not leak, razor blades that would not rust and a political zeal that would not quit.

In quick succession, he made a fortune as the creator of the leak-proof Paper Mate pen, expanded it with the introduction of stainless-steel blades for Schick razors and then, following the Communist takeover of a Schick plant in Cuba, was quickly transformed from an essentially apolitical businessman into a leading stalwart of the American right, financing an array of conservative organizations.

Mr. Frawley was also not reluctant to use Schick's advertising bud get as a weapon in the cold war. When ABC News once broadcast a documentary in which Alger Hiss attacked Richard M. Nixon, Mr. Frawley tried to cancel $3 million worth of scheduled advertising. The network declined to let him out of the contract.

To say that Mr. Frawley was given to instant and excessive enthusiasms would hardly do justice to a man who became so enamored of the negative-reinforcement therapy that Shadel Hospital in Seattle used to cure his drinking problem that he bought the hospital for Schick, renamed it Schick Shadel and retained it when he sold Schick to Warner Lambert in 1970. He later expanded it into a chain of treatment centers.

Where Mr. Frawley got his enthusiasm is not clear, but his entrepreneurial instincts seem to have been inherited from his father, an Irish-born professor of literature who went to Nicaragua for his health and variously became a banker, import-exporter and dealer in heavy equipment.

Though Mr. Frawley was born in Leon, Nicaragua, and his mother was French and Spanish, he spent his boyhood with relatives in San Francisco so he could attend American schools. But he dropped out at 16 and returned to Nicaragua to work with his father. He learned how to wheel and deal so well that at 18 he arranged for the sale of $300,000 worth of tires to the Panamanian Government.

As the son of a British national, Mr. Frawley, who eventually became an American citizen, enlisted in the Royal Canadian Air Force in World War II, married a Canadian and settled in San Francisco, where he engaged in a series of business ventures until, through a default on a loan he had made, he was stuck with a failed manufacturer of parts for ball-point pens.

Taking advantage of an improved new ink, Mr. Frawley turned the company into Paper Mate, trumpeted the pen's leak-proof properties and built the company into a runaway success in a booming new industry. In 1955, at age 32, he was able to sell it to Gillette for $15.1 million.

Casting around for new opportunities, Mr. Frawley found two and, typically, pursued them both, more or less simultaneously taking over Eversharp Inc., Schick's parent, and Technicolor Inc., the Los Angeles-based film processing company.

While Schick's introduction of stainless-steel blades made it an industry giant, under Mr. Frawley Technicolor achieved little more than a footnote to business history: the development of a film-cartridge system, a premature technological innovation that would have been rather more successful had the cartridges contained videotape instead of film.

Mr. Frawley's control of Technicolor was not totally uneventful. When it was discovered that George Murphy, the onetime actor who had resigned as a Technicolor executive when he entered the Senate in 1965, had remained on the Technicolor payroll for most of his term, the disclosure helped lead to Mr. Murphy's defeat by John V. Tunney, and Mr. Frawley's ouster from Technicolor in 1970.

WELL-KNOWN KNIGHTS

In addition to those listed in the article, the following are some other Knights of SMOM of interest:
[...]
Patrick J. Frawley, Jr.: also a Knight of the Order of St. Sylvester of which William [ head of WWII OSS .... JP ] Donovan was a member. He is a longstanding funder of right-wing causes including Fred Schwarz's Christian Anti-Communism Crusade. His wife is a Dame of SMOM and is Publisher of the National Catholic Register of California, whose editor, Francis X. Maier was formerly with National Review. Maier was the first Chairman of the Catholic Center for Renewal, whose President, Philip F. Lawler, is the Director of Studies of the Heritage Foundation (which was chaired by Knight of SMOM Frank Shakespeare, newly appointed Ambassador to Portugal).

WHO'S WHO ? - KNIGHTS OF MALTA KNOW
[...]
Patrick J. Frawley Jr. Heir to the Schick razor fortune, Frawley is a well-known funder of right-wing Catholic causes, such as the Christian Anti-Communist Crusade. His wife, Geraldine, is publisher of the conservative 'National Catholic Register' and a Dame of Malta.

REGARDING- "KNIGHTS OF MALTA," [SMOM]
[...]
Another knight who moves in New Right circles is Patrick J. Frawley, whose fortune derives from the Schick razor empire. In the early 1960s Frawley co-founded a group called the Christian Anti-Communist Crusade. He is also closely involved with the American Security Council, a cold war fraternity that lobbies persistently for a strong military and intelligence apparatus. Frawley-controlled companies own a number of right-wing Catholic media outlets, including Twin Circles magazine and the National Catholic Register. Frawley's wife, Geradine, is publisher of the Register. She is also a Dame of Malta and a leading member of the Right to Life League.

Frawley, Patrick J. SMOM • Twin Circles,
• National Catholic Register

FRAWLEY PATRICK J JR

* Anderson,J. Peace, War, and Politics. 1999 (142)
* Chamorro,E. Packaging the Contras. 1987 (53)
* Contemporary Marxism 1982-W (84)
* Covert Action Information Bulletin 1986-#25 (38 )
* Covert Action Information Bulletin 1988-#29 (23)
* Diamond,S. Spiritual Warfare. 1989 (47)
* Donner,F. The Age of Surveillance. 1981 (437)
* Forster,A. Epstein,B. Danger on the Right. 1964 (62, 277)
* Lernoux,P. People of God. 1989 (300)
* Mintz,M. Cohen,J. America, Inc. 1971 (228)
* Nikitin,V. The Ultras in the USA. 1981 (175, 244)
* O'Toole,G. The Private Sector. 1978 (160 )
* Resource Center. GroupWatch 1991-SMOM (1)
* Resource Center. The New Right Humanitarians. 1986 (8 )
* Sale,K. Power Shift. 1976 (97, 101-3, 196)
* Swanberg,W.A. Luce and His Empire. 1972 (419)
* Turner,W. Christian,J. The Assassination of RFK. 1993 (59-60)
* Turner,W. Power on the Right. 1971 (171-95, 208, 212)
* Turner,W. Rearview Mirror. 2001 (88 )

pages cited this search: 52

Patrick Frawley Jr., 75, Ex-Owner of Schick

By ROBERT MCG. THOMAS JR.
Published: November 9, 1998

Patrick J. Frawley Jr., a high school dropout who made millions of dollars in business, gave millions to conservative causes and candidates, then made it his business and his life's work to combat alcohol and drug addiction, died on Tuesday at a hospital in Santa Monica, Calif. He was 75 and lived in Agoura, Calif.

His family said he died during surgery for lung cancer.

For Mr. Frawley, an independent-minded entrepreneur who tended to see opportunities where others saw obstacles, the road to riches was paved with ball-point pens that would not leak, razor blades that would not rust and a political zeal that would not quit.

In quick succession, he made a fortune as the creator of the leak-proof Paper Mate pen, expanded it with the introduction of stainless-steel blades for Schick razors and then, following the Communist takeover of a Schick plant in Cuba, was quickly transformed from an essentially apolitical businessman into a leading stalwart of the American right, financing an array of conservative organizations.

Mr. Frawley was also not reluctant to use Schick's advertising bud get as a weapon in the cold war. When ABC News once broadcast a documentary in which Alger Hiss attacked Richard M. Nixon, Mr. Frawley tried to cancel $3 million worth of scheduled advertising. The network declined to let him out of the contract.

To say that Mr. Frawley was given to instant and excessive enthusiasms would hardly do justice to a man who became so enamored of the negative-reinforcement therapy that Shadel Hospital in Seattle used to cure his drinking problem that he bought the hospital for Schick, renamed it Schick Shadel and retained it when he sold Schick to Warner Lambert in 1970. He later expanded it into a chain of treatment centers.

Where Mr. Frawley got his enthusiasm is not clear, but his entrepreneurial instincts seem to have been inherited from his father, an Irish-born professor of literature who went to Nicaragua for his health and variously became a banker, import-exporter and dealer in heavy equipment.

Though Mr. Frawley was born in Leon, Nicaragua, and his mother was French and Spanish, he spent his boyhood with relatives in San Francisco so he could attend American schools. But he dropped out at 16 and returned to Nicaragua to work with his father. He learned how to wheel and deal so well that at 18 he arranged for the sale of $300,000 worth of tires to the Panamanian Government.

As the son of a British national, Mr. Frawley, who eventually became an American citizen, enlisted in the Royal Canadian Air Force in World War II, married a Canadian and settled in San Francisco, where he engaged in a series of business ventures until, through a default on a loan he had made, he was stuck with a failed manufacturer of parts for ball-point pens.

Taking advantage of an improved new ink, Mr. Frawley turned the company into Paper Mate, trumpeted the pen's leak-proof properties and built the company into a runaway success in a booming new industry. In 1955, at age 32, he was able to sell it to Gillette for $15.1 million.

Casting around for new opportunities, Mr. Frawley found two and, typically, pursued them both, more or less simultaneously taking over Eversharp Inc., Schick's parent, and Technicolor Inc., the Los Angeles-based film processing company.

While Schick's introduction of stainless-steel blades made it an industry giant, under Mr. Frawley Technicolor achieved little more than a footnote to business history: the development of a film-cartridge system, a premature technological innovation that would have been rather more successful had the cartridges contained videotape instead of film.

Mr. Frawley's control of Technicolor was not totally uneventful. When it was discovered that George Murphy, the onetime actor who had resigned as a Technicolor executive when he entered the Senate in 1965, had remained on the Technicolor payroll for most of his term, the disclosure helped lead to Mr. Murphy's defeat by John V. Tunney, and Mr. Frawley's ouster from Technicolor in 1970.

WELL-KNOWN KNIGHTS

In addition to those listed in the article, the following are some other Knights of SMOM of interest:
[...]
Patrick J. Frawley, Jr.: also a Knight of the Order of St. Sylvester of which William [ head of WWII OSS .... JP ] Donovan was a member. He is a longstanding funder of right-wing causes including Fred Schwarz's Christian Anti-Communism Crusade. His wife is a Dame of SMOM and is Publisher of the National Catholic Register of California, whose editor, Francis X. Maier was formerly with National Review. Maier was the first Chairman of the Catholic Center for Renewal, whose President, Philip F. Lawler, is the Director of Studies of the Heritage Foundation (which was chaired by Knight of SMOM Frank Shakespeare, newly appointed Ambassador to Portugal).

WHO'S WHO ? - KNIGHTS OF MALTA KNOW
[...]
Patrick J. Frawley Jr. Heir to the Schick razor fortune, Frawley is a well-known funder of right-wing Catholic causes, such as the Christian Anti-Communist Crusade. His wife, Geraldine, is publisher of the conservative 'National Catholic Register' and a Dame of Malta.

REGARDING- "KNIGHTS OF MALTA," [SMOM]
[...]
Another knight who moves in New Right circles is Patrick J. Frawley, whose fortune derives from the Schick razor empire. In the early 1960s Frawley co-founded a group called the Christian Anti-Communist Crusade. He is also closely involved with the American Security Council, a cold war fraternity that lobbies persistently for a strong military and intelligence apparatus. Frawley-controlled companies own a number of right-wing Catholic media outlets, including Twin Circles magazine and the National Catholic Register. Frawley's wife, Geradine, is publisher of the Register. She is also a Dame of Malta and a leading member of the Right to Life League.

Frawley, Patrick J. SMOM • Twin Circles,
• National Catholic Register

FRAWLEY PATRICK J JR

* Anderson,J. Peace, War, and Politics. 1999 (142)
* Chamorro,E. Packaging the Contras. 1987 (53)
* Contemporary Marxism 1982-W (84)
* Covert Action Information Bulletin 1986-#25 (38 )
* Covert Action Information Bulletin 1988-#29 (23)
* Diamond,S. Spiritual Warfare. 1989 (47)
* Donner,F. The Age of Surveillance. 1981 (437)
* Forster,A. Epstein,B. Danger on the Right. 1964 (62, 277)
* Lernoux,P. People of God. 1989 (300)
* Mintz,M. Cohen,J. America, Inc. 1971 (228)
* Nikitin,V. The Ultras in the USA. 1981 (175, 244)
* O'Toole,G. The Private Sector. 1978 (160 )
* Resource Center. GroupWatch 1991-SMOM (1)
* Resource Center. The New Right Humanitarians. 1986 (8 )
* Sale,K. Power Shift. 1976 (97, 101-3, 196)
* Swanberg,W.A. Luce and His Empire. 1972 (419)
* Turner,W. Christian,J. The Assassination of RFK. 1993 (59-60)
* Turner,W. Power on the Right. 1971 (171-95, 208, 212)
* Turner,W. Rearview Mirror. 2001 (88 )

pages cited this search: 52