List of Jewish scientists and philosophers

From The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom)

This is a list of Jewish scientists and philosophers by country. For more detailed lists, see the links provided.

Austria

See Austrian Jewish Scientists

• Erwin Chargaff, chemist, DNA pioneer
• Sigmund Freud, founder of psychoanalysis (Atheist by practice)
• Lise Meitner, physicist: nuclear fission
• Ludwig von Mises, economist
• Wolfgang Pauli, physicist, Nobel Prize (1945) (one non-Jewish grandparent)
• Ludwig Wittgenstein, one of the greatest philosophers of 20th century (one non-Jewish grandparent)

Germany

See German Jewish Scientists

• Hans Bethe, nuclear physics, Nobel Prize (1967) (Lutheran father)
• Max Born, quantum mechanics pioneer, Nobel Prize (1954)
• Georg Cantor, set theory (father Jewish by birth, mother Catholic by birth; both Lutheran by practice)
• Albert Einstein, greatest scientist of 20th century, theoretical physics, Nobel Prize (1921)
• Paul Ehrlich, developed magic bullet concept, Nobel Prize (1908)
• Erich Fromm, psychologist and humanistic philosopher
• Alexander Grothendieck, algebraic geometry, Fields Medal (1966) (Protestant mother)
• Heinrich Hertz, electromagnetic radiation pioneer (Jewish father)
• Edmund Husserl, philosopher, founder of phenomenology
• Edmund (Yehezkel) Landau, number theory.
• Albert Michelson, measured speed of light, Nobel Prize (1907)
• Hermann Minkowski, geometrical theory of numbers
• Karl Schwarzschild, physicist and astronomer

Hungary

See Hungarian Jewish Scientists

• Paul Erdős, mathematician
• Theodore von Kármán, aeronautical engineer
• Georg Lukács, Marxist philosopher
• John von Neumann, computer scientist, mathematician
• Michael Polanyi, polymath
• Leó Szilárd, physicist
• Edward Teller, physicist, father of hydrogen bomb
• Eugene Wigner, physicist; Nobel Prize (1963)

France

See French Jewish Scientists

• Henri Bergson, philosopher, Nobel Prize (1927)
• Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, physicist, Nobel Prize (1997)
• Émile Durkheim, sociologist
• Claude Lévi-Strauss, anthropologist
• Henri Moissan, chemist, Nobel Prize (1906) (Catholic father)
• Laurent Schwartz, mathematician, Fields Medal (1950)

Poland

See Polish Jewish Scientists

• Solomon Asch, Gestalt psychologist
• Benoit Mandelbrot, mathematician: fractals
• Albert Sabin, inventor of the oral Polio vaccine
• Alfred Tarski, logician and mathematician
• Stanislaw Ulam, mathematician, Manhattan Project

Russia/Ukraine

See Russian Jewish Scientists

• Vladimir Drinfeld, mathematician, Fields Medal (1990)
• Israel Gelfand, mathematician, Wolf Prize (1978), Steele Prize (2005)
• Waldemar Haffkine, biologist, vaccines against cholera and plague
• Lev Landau, physicist, many contributions to theoretical physics, Nobel Prize (1962)
• Phoebus Levene, nucleic acid pioneer
• Wassily Leontief, economist, Nobel Prize (1973) (Russian-Orthodox father)
• Ayn Rand, philosopher, founder of Objectivism
• Selman Waksman, biochemist, discoverer of streptomycin, Nobel Prize (1952)
• Efim Zelmanov, mathemaitican, Fields Medal (1994)

Netherlands

See Dutch Jewish Academics

• Karl Marx, economist, co-founder of communism (Atheist by practice) (Dutch mother)
• David Ricardo, one of the greatest classical economists (converted to Quakerism)
• Baruch Spinoza, philosopher (excommunicated)

Australia/Canada

See Canadian Jewish Academics

See Australian Jewish Academics

• Gustav Nossal, immunologist (Catholic mother)
• Steven Pinker, pioneer of evolutionary psychology
• John Polanyi, chemist, Nobel Prize (1986) (Catholic mother)
• Peter Singer, philosopher

United States

See Jewish-American Academics

See Jewish-American Scientists

• Franz Boas, founder of American Anthropology
• David Bohm, quantum physics pioneer and theoretical physicist, philosopher of science
• Emile Berliner, inventor of gramophone
• Noam Chomsky, America's greatest linguist
• Jesse Douglas, mathematician, Fields Medal (1936)
• Richard Feynman, quantum physicist, co-founder of quantum electrodynamics Nobel Prize (1965)
• Milton Friedman, monetarist economist, Clark Medal (1951), Nobel Prize (1976)
• Murray Gell-Mann, discoverer of quarks, Nobel Prize
• John Kemeny, computer scientist, co-founder of BASIC
• John McCarthy, artificial intelligence pioneer (Catholic father)
• Theodore Maiman, inventor of first laser
• Robert Nozick, philosopher of libertarianism
• Robert Oppenheimer, nuclear physicist, nuclear bomb, Manhattan Project
• Gregory Pincus, inventor of the Pill
• Edwin Land, inventor of polaroid
• Carl Sagan, astronomer and science popularizer, Cosmos: A Personal Voyage
• Jonas Salk, polio vaccine
• Leo Strauss, political philosopher
• Norbert Wiener, founder of cybernetics
• Edward Witten, M-theory, Fields Medal (1990)

See also

• List of Jews
• Jewish Scientists
• List of Jewish Nobel Prize winners
• List of Jewish Fellows of the Royal Society

External links

• JInfo.org, a comprehensive set of lists of Jewish contributions to world civilization. Fuller (copyrighted) lists can be found there.